Cousciousness
state of being aware of oneself, one's thoughts, and/or the environment
What is the state of consciousness?
The average time is 6 to 6 1/2 hours
What is sleep?
tobacco is the number one cause of premature death worldwide
What is the relationship of smoking and premature death?
Electroencephalogram-Electrical firing of neurons transformed to series of spikes on a computer screen
What is it used for? Measure brain waves
What is EEG?
children
Who is more likely to experience sleepwalking?
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; happens from 1 to 4 months...90% before 6 months; can happen any time during a baby's first year; unknown why... problems with ability to arouse from sleep, ro detect a low level of O2 or a buildup of CO2 in the blood...maybe when letting face down they re-breathe CO2
What is SIDS?
Pulse and breathing rate fluctuate
What occurs to our heart and respiration rates in REM sleep?
nREM (non-REM)- the nondreaming sleep that occurs during stages N1 to N3
N1-first and lightest stage "light sleep" where the eye-balls may move gently
beneath the lids
N2-after a few minutes of N1, you move on to the next phase of non-REM called
N2; slightly deeper than N1 (theta waves and bursts of electrical activity
called sleep spindles and large waves called K-complexes that appear
every 2 minutes or so)
N3-most difficult to awaken someone; slow-wave sleep, low frequency delta
waves; if woken up, feel groggy, disoriented and irritated; growth hormone
secreted during this stage
REM sleep- stage of sleep associated with dreaming; sleep characterized by bursts of eye movements, with brain activity similar to that of a waking sleep, but with lack of muscle tone
What are states of sleep?
depressant drug that decreases neural activity and reduces anxiety; a type of sedative
What are Barbiturates?
Disturbance of non-REM sleep, generally occurring in children; characterized by screaming, staring fearfully, and usually no memory of the episode the following morning; Typically children outgrow these
What are Sleep terrors?
Trouble falling asleep, remaining asleep, or getting high quality sleep; this poor-quality sleep can lead to daytime sleepiness and difficulty in mood changes, memory problems, difficulty with coordination and physical injuries
What are the major factors implicating insomnia?
severe sleep disorder; snoring is an indicator, grasping for oxygen; 40% chance of premature death; 50% chance of higher risk for heart disease and stroke; GERD reflux disease, mental health issues, headaches, less sexual gratification; chronic insomnia, requires some form of sleep aid; forgetfulness; not able to focus; obesity; cancer; alzheimer's; mistake prone
What is apnea?
May result from drugs, alcohol, or hypnosis; outside of consciousness means???
What is the stage of "altered state of consciousness" or "or outside of consciousness"?
stage of sleep associated with dreaming; sleep characterized by bursts of eye movements, with brain activity similar to that of a waking sleep, but with lack of muscle tone
What is REM sleep?
Psychoactive drugs (caffeine, alcohol, illegal drugs like LSD and Ecstasy): depressants-barbiturates, opioids, alcohol; stimulants- cocaine, methamphetamine, caffeine, tobacco; and hallucinogens-LSD, MDMA, marijuana.
What are means by which consciousness can be altered?
latent content and manifest content
What are the 2 levels of dream content?
neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which includes lapses into sleep and napping; characteristics-irrepressible need to sleep; daytime napping; cataplexy; sleep paralysis; hypnagogic hallucinations
What is narcolepsy?
Sleep disorder that involves abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, and between sleep stages or during arousal from sleep
What is parasomnias?
an altered state of consciousness, allowing for changes in perception and behaviors, which results from suggestions made by a hypnotist
What is hypnosis?
(slow-wave sleep, low frequency delta waves; if woken up, feel groggy, disoriented and irritated; growth hormone is secreted during this type of sleep; delta waves are brain waves that indicate deep sleep)
What is delta sleep?
a class of drugs that increase neural activity in the CNS; producing heightened alertness, energy, elevated mood, and other effects
Cocaine
Amphetamine
Caffeine
Tobacco
What is a stimulant
hidden meaning of a dream, often concealed by the manifest content of the dream
What is Latent content?
an abrupt loss of strength or muscle tone that occurs when a person is awake; during a severe episode, muscles may relax, and the body may collapse slowly to the floor like a rag doll; attacks come on suddenly, usually during periods of emotional excitement and usually wear off quickly, but some attacks can render a person immobilized for minutes
What is Cataplexy?
Impairment in memory that occurs among many alcoholics; kills brain cells and begins to effect the memory (one the brain cells are killed, they're gone)
What is Korsakoff's Syndrome?
A man who created hypnotic techniques to heal people in his basement; believed that every person was surrounded by a magnetic field that could be summoned by a magnetic that could be summoned for therapeutic purposes; the word mesmerize derives from his name
Who is Mesmer?
the nondreaming sleep that occurs during stages N1 to N3
What is nREM?
A class of psychoactive drugs that depress or slow down activity in the CNS
Barbiturates
In low doses, cause many of the same effects as alcohol—relaxation, lowering of spirits, or alternatively, aggression
Typically used as a sedative
Opioids
minimizes the brain's perception of pain, induces drowsiness and euphoria, and slows breathing
Some found in nature, others are synthesized
Opiates: a class of psychoactive drugs that cause a sense of euphoria
Imitate endorphins produced naturally by the body
What is a depressant?
the apparent meaning of a dream; the remembered story line of a dream
What is manifest content?
a common disturbance that occurs during non-REM sleep (typically Stage N3); a quarter of children experience it at least once (seems to be hereditary); can be spotted sitting up in bed, walking around with their eyes wide open, and speaking gibberish
What is sleepwalking?
Blood alcohol content
What is BAC?
As this happens we don't get into delta sleep (3rd and 4th stage of sleep)
Why does sleep efficiency drop with age?
We go from light sleep (N1) to deeper sleep (N2) to low frequency delta sleep., to REM sleep (We go into deeper and deeper sleep)
What occurs as we progress through the stages of sleep?
What you go through when you're coming down off of alcohol
What are delirium tremers?
feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness
What is euphoria?
Sleep disturbance characterized by inability to fall asleep or stay asleep impacting both the quality and quantity of sleep
What is insomnia?
A common variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation.
What is daydreaming?