Place
Uses both lips for constriction, includes /p, b/.
What is Bilabial?
Complete oral closure → pressure → burst.
What are Stops (plosives)?
All vowels, liquids, glides, nasals share this property.
What is Periodic voicing (phonation)?
English affricate pair.
What are /tʃ/ and /dʒ/?
Rapid amplitude rise after release = fast __.
What is Rise time?
Tongue tip contacts alveolar ridge (/t, d, s, z/).
What is Alveolar?
Continuous turbulent airflow through narrow constriction.
What are Fricatives?
Voiceless fricatives and stops are acoustically __.
What is Aperiodic?
Longer noise duration, higher frequency than voiced.
What are Voiceless fricatives?
Bilabial stop burst energy ≈ below ___ Hz.
What is ~600 Hz and lower?
Blade of tongue mid-palate with lip rounding (“sh”, “zh”).
What is Post-alveolar?
Stop released into a fricative (/tʃ /, /dʒ/).
What is an Affricate?
Combine phonation + noise (/v, z, ʒ/).
What are Voiced fricatives (periodic + aperiodic)?
Longer front cavity shifts energy toward __.
What are Lower frequencies (lower spectral peak)?
Rank oral cavity size (bilabial, velar, alveolar).
What is Bilabial > Velar > Alveolar?
Primary constriction at velum (/k, g, ŋ/).
What is Velar?
Resonant / approximant class including /w, j/.
What are Glides?
~30 ms cue distinguishing voiced vs voiceless stops.
What is Voice Onset Time (VOT)?
“Cats” vs “dogs” plural voicing contrast illustrates __.
What is Assimilation of voicing (/s/ vs /z/)?
Shared feature between stops and affricates.
What is both begin with complete occlusion?
Constriction at larynx, vowel-dependent.
What is /h/ (glottal)?
Resonant oral consonants /l, ɹ/.
What are Liquids?
English vs Spanish voiceless VOT patterns.
What is English = long-lag (aspirated); Spanish = short-lag (unaspirated)?
Low-frequency feature on voiced fricatives spectrogram.
What is the Voice bar?
VP impairment affects these sound types most.
What are High-pressure consonants (stops, fricatives, affricates)?