Types of Laxatives
Name one bulk-forming laxative
psyllium, calcium polycarbophil, methylcellulose
Benign but classic colon finding with chronic laxative use
melanosis coli
What are symptoms that are contraindication to laxative use
severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and obstipation
Which laxative is used in patient with hepatic encephalopathy?
Lactulose
Name one osmotic laxatives
PEG, magnesium salts, lactulose
What electrolyte abnormality may occur with overuse of stimulant or osmotic laxatives?
Hypokalemia
New-onset constipation after age 50 warrants evaluation for?
Colorectal cancer
This laxative is generally avoided in older patient due to fat-soluble vitamins malabsorption and high risk of aspiration if taken orally.
Mineral oil
Name one stimulant laxatives
Senna and bisacodyl
Which type of laxatives should be avoided in patients with CKD?
Magnesium based laxatives
Patient come from nursing home complaining of acute abdominal symptoms with recent enema use. What should main high suspicion for?
Colorectal perforation
Patients with pelvic floor dysfunction benefit most from this nonpharmacologic treatment
Biofeedback therapy
Name one stool softener
Colace
In pregnancy, what class of laxatives is generally considered safest as initial therapy?
Bulk-forming laxatives
First line of treatment for constipation?
PEG and fiber (bulk-forming)
What is linaclotide used for most commonly?
Name one stool softener
Lubiprostone, linaclotide, Tenapanor
Excessive use of sodium phosphate enemas can cause this potentially fatal electrolyte abnormality of which electrolytes?
Hyperphosphatemia
Second line of treatment for constipation?
PEG, fiber, stimulant
Difference between docusate vs. PEG (miralax)?
Docusate is stool softener by allowing passage of water through stools vs. miralax is osmotic laxatives