Types of Government
Government in which religious leaders rule in the name of God and laws are based on holy scripture
Theocracy
What were the main problems with the Articles of Confederation?
Congress was too weak and could not..
-enforce laws
-force states to pay taxes
-regulate trade
-pay the military
1st Amendment
Freedom of...
religion
assembly
press
petition
speech
6th Amendment
- guarantees a trial by jury
- guarantees a public and speedy trial
- the accused must be told the exact charge against them
- the accused have the right to hear and question all witnesses against them and call witnesses in their own defense
- right to a lawyer
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery
What is an Executive Order?
An order by the President that has the same power as a federal law.
What are the 2 houses of Congress?
Senate and the House of Representatives
Who makes up the Judicial Branch?
The Supreme Court, lower courts, and special courts.
An absence of authority or laws.
Anarchy
What caused Shay’s Rebellion?
What effect did this have on the nation’s leaders?
Daniel Shays led a group of angry, violent farmers to protest foreclosures at county court meetings.
The nation's leaders realized they needed to create a stronger government which led them to write the Constitution.
2nd Amendment
The right to bear arms
7th Amendment
Right to a civil trial in all cases where the amount is more than $20.
14th Amendment
- All people born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of this country.
- States cannot deprive citizens of life, liberty, and property
- States must uphold due process
Who makes up the Executive Branch?
The President, Vice President, and his Cabinet
What is the role of the Legislative Branch?
To make laws
What is the role of the Judicial Branch
To evaluate and interpret the laws of the United States.
Government in which a king, queen, or royal family rule. Line of succession is hereditary.
Monarchy
What was the Great Compromise?
Large states wanted representation in Congress to be based on population.
Small states wanted representation in Congress to be equal for every state.
Compromise: Create 2 houses of Congress. The House of Representatives is based on population. In the Senate, every state gets 2 representatives.
3rd Amendment
Right not to quarter soldiers in your home.
8th Amendment
- no excessive bail ( a sum of money used as a security deposit; if the person shows up to court the bail money is returned to them; if the person does not show up for court their money is not returned.)
- no cruel and unusual punishment
15th Amendment
- Right to vote (or suffrage) cannot be taken because of race, color, nor previous status of servitude (former enslaved males have the right to vote)
What is the role of the Executive Branch?
Enforce laws
What are the qualifications for U.S. Senators?
How long is a Senator's term length?
At least 30 years old, 9 years of U.S. citizenship, resident of the state they are representing.
6 years
What are the qualifications for Supreme Court Justices?
There are none.
Government where one or a few people hold all the power, freedom is absent, and people are ruled by force or violence.
Authoritarian/Tyranny
What did Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagree on and what compromise did they make?
Federalists: wanted a strong central government and supported the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists: feared creating another tyranny and wanted individual rights to be protected. Did not support the Constitution at first.
Compromise: Add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution that protects individual rights.
4th Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
9th Amendment
- the people have rights beyond what is written in the constitution.
19th Amendment
Women's right to vote
What are the qualifications for the President and Vice-President?
at least 35 years old
natural-born citizen of the U.S.
14 years a resident in the U.S.
What are the qualifications for U.S. Representatives?
How long is their term length?
At least 25 years old, 7 years a U.S. citizen, resident of the state s/he is representing.
2 years
Who are our current Supreme Court Justices?
John Roberts (Chief Justice)
Clarence Thomas
Samuel Alito
Sonia Sotomayor
Elena Kagan
Neil M. Gorsuch
Brett M. Kavanaugh
Amy Coney Barrett
Ketanji Brown Jackson
Government in which the people elect representatives to make and enforce laws.
Republic
What was the Three-Fifth’s Compromise?
North: Did not want to count enslaved people when determining the amount of a state's representatives.
South: Wanted to count enslaved people when determining the amount of a state's representatives.
Compromise: Every enslaved person would count as 3/5 of a person when determining the amount of a state's representatives in the House of Representatives.
5th Amendment
- indictment by a grand jury:
- no double jeopardy: a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime
- right to remain silent (no self incrimination): a person does not have to testify against themselves
- due process of law must be followed for everyone
- eminent domain: the government has the right to take private property, usually land, for public use
10th Amendment
- any power not given to the national government are reserved for the states or the people
22nd Amendment
A President can only serve for 2 terms
What role does the President’s cabinet serve?
The Cabinet's role is to advise the President on any subject he or she may require relating to the duties of each member's respective office.
How many senators does each state get?
2
How does the Supreme Court check the power of the other two branches?
They can declare that a Legislative or Executive act is in violation of the Constitution