Amendments
What are the three amendments that are considered civil war amendments, and tell what they protect.
13 - Banned Slavery or involuntary servitude in the United States, with the exceptions of compulsory (required or forced) military service (the draft) or incarceration (prison)
14 - Defined citizenship for all Americans, and extended protections of citizens' federal rights against state governments
15 - African American Suffrage (right to vote), stated that no citizen could be denied the right to vote by the Federal government or state government based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
In 1824, the Supreme Court ruled the Federal government was the supreme law of the land and stood above state constitutions and powers when promoting and regulating interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Compensation (payments or benefits) for government officials
Emoluments
In 1803, the Supreme Court stripped itself of powers that a federal law granted them stating the law and powers granted to the court under the federal law were unconstitutional. This gave the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review.
Marbury v. Maddison
Everyone must follow the law, no one is above the law
Rule of Law
Name the first 10 Amendments and list what they did
1 - Freedom of Press, Speech, Religion, Petition, Assembly - limited by libel and slander
2 - Right to bear arms
3 - quartering of troops in peace time
4 - unlawful seaches and seizures
5 - double jeopardy, plead the fifth
6 - Speedy trial, impartial jury
7 - civil suits
8 - Cruel and Unusual Punishment
9 - Non-enumerated rights
10 - Reserve states powers
In 1919, the Supreme Court upheld a conviction of a man who claimed that his 1st Amendment right to free speech was violated when he was arrested for urging others to break the law during a time of war. The Court ruled that the government had the right to protect against speech that posed "a clear and present danger" to the public.
Schenck v. United States
It is illegal to hold a person without presenting this document that tells the person why they are being held.
Writ of Habeas Corpus
In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled against state laws that arbitrarily discriminated against women in favor of men.
Reed v. Reed
members cannot be sued or prosecuted for anything they say in Congress, or arrested and detained for a less serious crime while they are in an active session of congress
Immunity Privilege
In order 18, 21, 19
In 1961, the Supreme Court ruled that, under the 4th Amendment, a warrant was required by federal and state agencies before a search or seizure can be conducted. If evidence is obtained illegally it cannot be used as evidence (exclusionary rule) in a trial. This case also extended the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.
Mapp v. Ohio
This is type of government that shares power between national and local governments
Federalism
In 1966, the Supreme Court over turned a man's conviction when his trial was so publicized by the media that the was deemed not to have gotten an impartial jury. A person has to be tried in court not the press. This case stated that some constitutional rights are more fundamental or have precedent over other rights. This case also extended the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.
Sheppard v. Maxwell
List Article 1,2,3 and which branch they correspond to
1. Legislative Branch
2. Executive Branch
3. Judicial Branch
What do the last five amendments cover?
22. Two Terms
23. 3 for D.C.
24. Poll Tax
25. Disability and succession
26. 18 vote
27. Pay Raise
In 1947, the Supreme Court ruled that state could give transportation aid to parochial schools, because the aid was intended to be a safety measure that would benefit the school children, no matter what schools they attended, and did not violate the Establishment Clause in the 1st Amendment.
Everson v. Board of Education
This is clear and provable criminal action by committed by a U.S. Citizen against the United States. It is used to measure treason.
Overt Act
In 1819, the Supreme Court upheld the federal government's right to increase governmental authority where they do not have a clearly stated constitutional rights, if it is deemed necessary and proper.
McCullock v. Maryland
What are articles IV, V, VI, and VII?
IV. Full Faith and Credit (Interstate Relations)
V. Amendment Process
VI. Supremacy Clause
VII Ratification
Name amendments 11, 12, 16, 17, 20
11. Suits among states
12. Separate ballets
16. Federal Income Tax
17. Direct Election of Senators
20. Lame Duck
In 1879 the Supreme Court ruled that federal laws could restrict the free exercise of religion when it is in the public's interest or protection of the public's rights or safety.
Reynolds v. United States
1. General term for taxes of any kind
2. Takes paced on imported goods, also called a tariff
1. Impost
2. Duties
In 1967, the Supreme Court over turned a man's conviction when a wiretap was used in a phone booth without a warrant, despite the phone booth being a public space. The Supreme court ruled that the 4th Amendment protections protected people not places. This case also extended the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.
Katz v. United States
Describe Article V.
2/3 of each house of congress approve of an amendment to the constitution created by that congress (used for all 27)
3/4 of State legislatures ratify a proposed amendment