Articles of Confederation
Creation of Constitution
The Constitution
Bill of Rights
Supreme Court Cases
100
What was the basic structure of the Articles?
WEAK central; strong state gov’t
100
What convention was used to create the Constitution?
The Constitutional Convention or the Phildadelphia Convention.
100
What is the basic format of the Constitution
1. Preamble 2. Articles 3. Amendments
100
What is the point of the Bill of Rights?
The purpose of the Bill of Rights was to guarantee the individual rights of citizens under the Constitution.
100
What happened in the case Miranda vs. Arizona?
Ernesto Miranda was arrested after a crime victim identified him, but police officers questioning him did not inform him of his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, or of his Sixth Amendment right to the assistance of an attorney. While he confessed to the crime, his attorney later argued that his confession should have been excluded from trial. The Supreme Court agreed, deciding that the police had not taken proper steps to inform Miranda of his rights.
200
What was the rebellion that was a response to the Articles? Explain this rebellion
1. Shay's Rebellion 2. (Insert explanation here/You have the explanation in your notes)
200
Name 2 individuals who were present during the convention and explain their "role"
Washington--presiding officer; credibility Madison--“Father;” ideas & notes Hamilton--Strong central; economic Franklin--moderating influence
200
What is the power of the Executive Branch?
(1) Commander in chief (2) Foreign policy (3) Appointments to executive offices (4) Appoint federal judges (5) Pardon (6) Carry out the wishes of the Legislative Branch
200
Amendment 2?
Right to bear arms.
200
What happened in the case Brown vs. Board of Education?
Segregated schools Seperate but equal argument Court decided that seperate but equal argument violated the 14th amendment
300
How was the gov't organized under the Articles?
One Branch=Legislative Branch (Congress) State Gov’t=Assemblies
300
Explain the NJ Plan vs. Virginia Plan
Virginia- (a) Proposed by J. Madison (b) 3 branches: Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), Judicial (Supreme) (c) Bi-Cameral Legislature (2 Houses) Both houses elected based on POPULATION Would benefit Larger states NJ - (a) Proposed by William Paterson (b) 3 branches: Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), Judicial (Supreme) (c) Uni-Cameral Legislature (ONE house) One house where all states receive the same number of reps Would benefit smaller states
300
Upper House vs. Lower House
Upper House: Senate 2 from each state (NJ Plan!) 100 total 30 years old Terms=6 years long NJ: Frank Lautenberg & Bob Menendez Lower House: House of Representatives (VA Plan!) Representation depends on population 435 total 25 years old Terms=2 years long NJ: 13 Representatives (District 5-Scott Garrett)
300
Amendment 4
Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of persons and property without a warrant Reasoning: Writs of Assistance Issues: Probable cause
300
What happened in the case Roe v. Wade?
Roe filed suit against Wade, the district attorney of Dallas County, contesting the statue on the grounds that it violated the guarantee of personal liberty and the right to privacy implicitly guaranteed in the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. In deciding for Roe, the Supreme Court invalidated any state laws that prohibited first trimester abortions.
400
Name 3 problems in a post revolution America.
(1) British won’t trade with the Americans (2) Prices of farm goods go down (farmers hurtin’) (3) City workers are unemployed (4) Soldiers are unpaid (5) 14 separate currencies (6) Congress could not control foreign trade (7) Articles of Confederation created a WEAK central gov’t
400
Identify 3 factors in which the Constitution strengthened the gov't.
(a) Congress has the right to TAX the people (b) Congress can raise an ARMY (c) Congress can make ALLIANCES w/ other Countries (d) Congress can regulate TRADE (e) THREE branches of government (f) President
400
What are the requirements to become President?
Natural-born citizen 35 yrs old Youngest: T. Roosevelt (41) Oldest: Ronald Reagan (82) 4 yr term 2 terms 8 yrs total
400
Amendment 18?
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, or consumption of alcohol
400
What happened in the case Dred Scott vs. Sanford?
Missouri to Illinois When his owner died, Scott sued the widow to whom he was left, claiming he was no longer a slave because he had become free after living in a free state. At a time when the country was in deep conflict over slavery, the Supreme Court decided that Dred Scott was not a “citizen of the state” so they had no jurisdiction in the matter, but the majority opinion also stated that he was not a free man.
500
Identify 3 issues with the Articles.
(1) Each state received ONE vote Difficult to enact laws (9 of 13 needed; 10 rarely) Amendments needed unanimous (2) No provision for a chief executive (3) No central court for dispute between states (4) No power to raise taxes--only requisition (request); 75% ignored (5) States & Congress could issue currency (6) Request states to supply troops
500
What were the arguments of the Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalist ARGUMENTS (a) Worried that Congress has TOO much power (b) Fearful of the gov’ts right to raise an army! (c) Nervous that the President will become another KING (d) Nothing that lists specific freedoms to protect the citizens (Bill of Rights) Federalists WIN out eventually: (a) LEADERS of the Nation (Washington, Adams, Hamilton, Madison) (b) HEROS of the American Revolution (c) They had something to rally behind! (The Constitution) (d) Used newspapers & media to get point across (e) Wrote series of essays (Federalist Papers)
500
Identify at least 4 of the basic ideas established by the first 7 articles in the Constitution
Article 1: Legislative Branch Article 2: Executive Branch Article 3: Judicial Branch Article 4: Relations Among the States Article 5: How to Amend the Constitution Article 6: Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land Article 7: How the Constitution needs to be Ratified
500
Amendment 22?
Establishes term limits for American presidents to 2
500
What happened in the case Texas vs. Johnson?
Flag burning In a split decision, the Supreme Court determined that Johnson’s actions were symbolic speech protected by his First Amendment Rights.
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