Judicial Review
This 1803 case held that Congress cannot expand the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This case established the three constitutional standing requirements: injury, causation, and redressability.
What is Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife?
This early case upheld Congress’s broad power to regulate interstate navigation.
What is Gibbons v. Ogden?
This case produced the famous three‑tier framework for evaluating presidential power.
What is Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer?
This case incorporated the right to counsel in state criminal trials.
What is Duncan?
Justice Story wrote in this case that without Supreme Court appellate review, federal law would vary state to state.
What is Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
This state successfully argued it had standing as a sovereign landowner harmed by rising sea levels
What is Massachusetts v. EPA?
This 1995 case struck down a federal law banning guns in school zones as beyond Congress’s commerce power.
What is United States v. Lopez?
This case struck down the legislative veto for violating bicameralism and presentment.
What is INS v. Chadha?
This case incorporated the Excessive Fines Clause.
What is Timbs v. Indiana?
In this case, the Court reaffirmed its authority to review state criminal convictions involving federal questions
What is Cohens v. Virginia
This case held that plaintiffs cannot “manufacture standing” through a speculative chain of future events involving government surveillance.
What is Clapper v. Amnesty International?
This case upheld federal regulation of homegrown marijuana as part of a comprehensive regulatory scheme.
What is Gonzales v. Raich?
This case held that Congress cannot retain removal power over an officer performing executive functions.
What is Bowsher v. Synar?
This case held that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess firearms.
What is District of Columbia v. Heller?
This case held that state officials cannot refuse to comply with Supreme Court precedent, citing the Supremacy Clause.
What is Cooper v. Aaron?
This case articulated the constitutional avoidance doctrine, including the rule that the Court will not decide constitutional questions prematurely.
What is Rescue Army v. Municipal Court of Los Angeles?
This case held that Congress cannot commandeer state legislatures to enact federal regulatory programs.
What is New York v. United States?
This case upheld the independent counsel statute, finding it did not impermissibly interfere with executive power.
What is Morrison v. Olson?
This case incorporated the Second Amendment against the states.
What is McDonald v. City of Chicago?
This case held that Congress may enforce constitutional rights but may not redefine or expand them under §5 of the 14th Amendment.
What is City of Boerne v. Flores?
This case rejected “animal nexus” and “vocational nexus” theories as too speculative to establish injury in fact.
What is Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife?
This case held that states retain sovereign immunity from private suits in their own courts, even under Article I legislation.
What is Alden v. Maine?
This case held that a single‑director independent agency insulated by for‑cause removal violates separation of powers.
What is Seila Law v. CFPB?
This case held that the right to marry is a fundamental right protected by both Due Process and Equal Protection.
What is Obergefell v. Hodges?