Bill of Rights
These are protections against discrimination, ensuring equal treatment under the law regardless of race, gender, or other characteristics.
What are civil rights?
This type of speech involves false statements that harm a person’s reputation and can be restricted by the government.
What is libel?
In this 1962 case, the Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause.
What is Engel v. Vitale (1962)?
This amendment applies due process protections to actions of the federal government., such as the protection against self-incrimination.
What is the 5th amendment?
This type of law allows individuals to carry concealed firearms with certain restrictions and often requires a permit.
What is "conceal and carry" law?
Civil liberties are primarily found in this section of the U.S. Constitution.
What are the Bill of Rights?
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected under the First Amendment.
What is Schenck v. United States (1919)?
This clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or favoring one religion over another.
What is the "establishment clause"?
This amendment extends due process protections to state governments and includes the Equal Protection Clause.
What is the 14th amendment?
This 2008 Supreme Court case ruled that the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to own firearms for self-defense in the home.
What is D.C. v. Heller (2008)?
This legal principle extends the protections of the Bill of Rights to state governments through the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment
What is the incorporation doctrine?
This type of speech is not protected by the First Amendment because it lacks serious artistic, literary, or political value and violates community standards.
What is obscene speech?
This 1993 case ruled that a city ordinance banning animal sacrifice was unconstitutional because it specifically targeted a religious practice, violating the Free Exercise Clause.
What is Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah (1993)?
This legal principle ensures that the government must follow fair procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property.
What is procedural due process?
In this 2010 case, the Supreme Court ruled that the 2nd Amendment applies to state and local governments through the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
What is McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?
Name 3 of the 6 protections given to people in the 5th amendment.
What are: protection from self-incrimination, double jeopardy, right to a grand jury, due process proceedings, and unjust taking of property (eminent domain)
This 1942 case established the “fighting words” doctrine, allowing the government to restrict speech that incites immediate violence or disruption.
What is Chaplinsky v. United States (1942)?
This clause of the First Amendment protects individuals' rights to practice their religion freely, as long as it does not violate the law.
What is the "Free Exercise" Clause?
This term refers to a law that punishes a person without a trial, which is prohibited by the Constitution.
What is a bill of attainder?
These laws allow law enforcement to temporarily remove firearms from individuals deemed a danger to themselves or others. Their constitutionality is debated based on due process concerns.
What are "red flag" laws?
Name 3 of the 7 protections given to people in the 6th amendment.
What are: speedy trial, public trial, impartial jury, informed of charges, confront witnesses, witnesses for your behalf, right to an attorney.
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that speech advocating illegal activity is protected unless it is intended to incite imminent lawless action and is likely to do so.
What is Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)?
In this 1990 case, the Supreme Court ruled that neutral, generally applicable laws that incidentally burden religious practices do not violate the Free Exercise Clause.
What is Employment Division v. Oregon (1990)?
These three constitutional protections prevent retroactive criminal laws, unlawful imprisonment, and excessive bail or cruel punishment.
What are Ex Post Facto laws, Habeas Corpus, and the 8th Amendment?
This Supreme Court case established that the government could regulate certain types of firearms, such as sawed-off shotguns, because they were not "ordinary military equipment" protected by the 2nd Amendment.
What is U.S. v. Miller (1939)?