Back to Basics
The 5 Common Topics were invented by who?
Daily Double! if you can give the dates he lived.
Daily Triple! if you can give where he lived. (Country is fine. Additional points for city as well)
Aristotle
384-322 BC
Athens, Greece
Name the group of rhetoricians who focused more on sound and style of their speeches, rather than on the content.
Daily Double! Where did these early rhetoricians live?
Sophists
Greece
This common topic is known for being one of the first things to clear up before starting a debate. It can prevent confusion if these are clear and agreed upon. What common topic is this?
Definiton
fallacy that makes a generalization about a class of things based on too few examples.
Triple point value if you can name which Idol this is from the early chapters of this book.
hasty generalization
Idol of the Tribe
what is a first hand account of a person's experience?
testimonial
Aristotle was known as someone who "was effective at the art of public speaking", this is also knows as what term?
rhetorician
A declarative statement of opinion (about your conclusion) that can be proven True or False.
Thesis Statement
A definition technique which gives the history or origin of a word.
etymology
fallacy when a speaker argues that because everyone else is doing something, we should believe or do it too
bandwagon
an example that seems to disprove or contradict a arguer's thesis
Daily Double! what are the exceptions or odd occurrences that do not fit the normal pattern?
counterexample
anomalies
Logic can be defined as "the art and science of reasoning" . In Aristotle's book, Rhetoric, he describes two types of logic that people can use to develop the common topics properly. What do we call these two types today? (hint: these were discussed at length in your previous logic classes :)
inductive
deductive
Surprise Daily Double! Deductive logic comes from the Latin word deducere, which means to ????
Triple point value: Inductive comes from the Latin word inducere, which means to ???
I know this one is tricky, but maybe it will cause you to research a bit about who you are reading. :)
Who wrote the book you are reading this semester?
Daily Double: have you ever thought to look her up? are you able to name things she does/has done other than write this book?
Shelly Johnson, PhD
PhD in philosophy
MEd in educational leadership
Philosopher, educator, author, artist
currently the Principal Investigator for an Educating Character Initiative grant at Georgetown College where she teaches.
A definition technique used to explain a word in greater detail than what is available in the word's definition.
description
usually involves an expert who is biased, not named, or whose competency is being transferred between unrelated fields.
illegitimate appeal to authority
an example used in arguments where you refer to the past to support a claim or interpretation in the present
precedent
Surprise Daily Double: another form of this type of example is when a legal decision sets up a pattern or establishes a principle or rule that a court adopts when deciding later cases that have similar issues or facts. What is that called?
Who developed the idea of The Four Idols?
Triple Point value if you can name all 4 idols!
Francis Bacon
Idol of the Tribe
Idol of the Marketplace
Idol of the Theatre
Idol of the Cave
This Common Topic is useful because it draws on the experience and opinion of other people.
Daily Double: name the one character that was said to be and "expert" that gave this in your Mock Trial
Testimony
Micah Estratton
A definition technique where one gives both larger and smaller groups to which the word belongs.
Daily Double! can you also name the technique used to give both similar and opposite ideas of the word?
genus and species
synonyms and antonyms
part of a word or part of a quotation is inappropriately emphasized out of context.
accent
the use of the subtopic of Scripture can be helpful in an argument, however, because the Bible does not give direct commandments about every issue in life, it can be difficult to properly apply it as support for an argument. What two categories did we distinguish between when using Scripture as an authority to support an argument?
direct biblical instruction
indirect biblical instruction
The Latin word argument simply means "evidence" or "proof". Therefore, when you have an "argument" it means that you supply the evidence or proof for what you believe.
True or False?
True
One of the trickiest and most easily manipulated examples of TESTIMONY
Daily Double: name two adjectives associated with this that helps make this more reliable
statistics
large, random
A definition technique that actually describes how something happens or occurs. Used especially with concepts that are difficult to explain with just a simple definition.
procedural or operational defintion
fallacy that occurs when the speaker attempts to apply a general rule, such as a proverb, as a formula that is applicable to every situation. Often results in ridiculous or trite reasoning.
clichéd thinking
What is the most important attitude to have when embarking on making an argument?
humility