Volcanoes
what is a volcano?
A vent in the surface of earth that emits ash, gases, or molten lava.
Where does an earthquake first occur?
focus
What layer of the earth is divided into tectonic plates, and is made up of crust+rigid upper part of mantle?
lithosphere
What are the 5 basic characteristics of all minerals
naturally occurring
• inorganic
• solid
• crystal structure
• definite chemical composition
Name the five factors
Parent material, climate, relief, organisms, time
What materials are ejected from volcanoes?
depending on the type of eruption, volcanoes may produce lava flows or eject pyroclastic materials, or both. all volcanic eruptions also emit large amounts of gases
Why do earthquakes usually occur at plate boundaries?
Rock near the plate boundaries is under great stress. Energy is released when these rocks move.
Which layer makes up most of the earth's mass?
mantle
Name a few minerals that are composed of a single element.
copper (Cu)
• gold (Au)
• silver (Ag)
Define regolith
Know that it includes soil; all material covering solid rock
what other landforms are associated with volcanic eruptions?
calderas, volcanic necks, lava plateaus
Where is the epicenter of an earthquake?
the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus
What increases towards the center of the earth?
temperature and pressure
How much of the crust do non-silicates take up?
8%
What is organic matter
Humus, The living and dead organisms
what are the 3 main types of volcanoes?
shield volcanoes, cinder cones, composite cones
What type of materials can primary waves travel through?
solids, liquids, and gases
Thinnest earth layer?
crust
What are the 8 most abundant elements in the crust?
Si, O, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg
List 5 things that can break down rock into soil
weathering, tiny plants, organic matter, erosion, animals, and humans
what determines the type of volcanic eruption?
the primary factors that determine whether a volcano erupts explosively or quietly include characteristics of the magma and the amount of dissolved gases in the magma.
What type of materials can secondary waves move through?
only solids
What is the liquid layer that surrounds the inner core called?
outer core
What are some common non-silicate minerals?
Fluorite, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, galena, pyrite, halite
What are the 4 different types of soil
Temperate, tropical, dessert, and artic