Soils
Water
Air
Our Engineered Environment
Contaminated Site Clean-up
100
TWO considerations when assessing potential amount of contaminant in soils
What is: * concentration of contaminant - related to toxicity * deposition of contaminant - once/ongoing related to exposure.
100
Define hydraulic conductivity + its importance to contaminant distribution.
ease of movement of aquifer through soil Advection - movement of contaminant with groundwater flow Consideration of direction + rate of movement related to exposure
100
Area where 50% of Ontario's ground-level ozone + fine particulate matter come from:
US mid-west states.
100
intra/inter phase mass transfer processes impacted by increased human activities
* pervious surfaces - reduced infiltration; increased run-off * subsurface drainage (stormsewers; tile drains) - increased drainage. * vegetation removal - reduced absorption/use and removal
100
Key different between Phase I and Phase II site assessment
Phase I - historical/high level assessment; non-intrusive Phase II - onsite and in-depth assessment; intrusive
200
Fingerflows and Macropores are examples of __________ in soils
What is "preferential pathways"
200
What is the importance of groundwater recharge and discharge areas related to contaminant distribution.
groundwater recharge areas = point of entry of contaminant to groundwater systems from soils groundwater discharge areas = increase potential contaminant distribution to other areas of environment + exposure.
200
Ontario's Air Quality Index is based on:
concentration of 5 different atmospheric contaminants with human health impacts Index = indicator of ambient air quality Sampled hourly at numerous locations across Ontario
200
Define green infrastructure related to contaminants in our enviornment and provide examples of green infrastructure
Elements of our natural environment that provide processes/functions for addressing to moderate contaminant movement and distribution. Trees, vegetation, wetlands
200
Documentation tool for summarizing and filing Environmental Site Assessment
What is "Record of Site Condition"
300
TWO factors that would allow contaminant to stay within soils:
What is: * soil porosity - low (e.g. clay) = prevent movement * adsorption to soil
300
Name TWO intraphase mass transport processes that impact contaminant distribution in lakes:
Currents - consider prevailing winds and predictive powers to address contaminant distribution. Vertical mixing - consider seasonality/time of day and impact on contaminant distribution + resulting impacts.
300
Long range transport of contaminants in air impacted by: _________________ Local transport of contaminants in air impacted by: __________________
Long range - global circulation patterns local - atmospheric stability + wind
300
Putting a value on the services and benefits provided to us by nature.
What is "Natural Capital"
300
What is a "site condition standard" and what does it consider:
- identifies maximum allowable concentrations of contaminants in our environment before property can be redeveloped. - based on: * area of environment (air, soil, water) * property type * level of risk
400
Characteristics of contaminant which may facilitate interphase mass transport from soils.
What is: * high vapor pressure * high octanol-water coefficient * high porosity + groundwater system below * low porosity + rapid runoff *etc.
400
Intake Protection Zones were delineated based on what key considerations?
* Distance to intake + rate of water movement * time to address contaminant before reaches intake (response + intake shut down)
400
A reason for lower average levels air pollutants in Urban areas (which we don't normally expect)
*reactions with other compounds in air (e.g. O3 depleted with reactions with NO).
400
Define Low Impact Development
Approach to land development that mimics the natural movement of water in order to management stormwater close to where it falls.
400
Fill in the blank with either MECHANICAL or ADMINISTRATIVE Additional basement venting or “pump and treat” equipment to reduce exposure or prevent contaminant movement _______________ Risk Management measure
What is "Mechanical"
500
Define lateral vs. vertical variation in soils and when these can tell us about contaminant in soils
Lateral - across soil surface/landscape Vertical - through soil profile * Patterns in soils help us identify frequency/method of deposition to soils
500
What are some of the impact of our Winter condition in 2016 that could impact contaminant distribution?
* less protective ice * more wet (rather than frozen) precipitation - increased movement * warmer initial surface water temps in the spring (earlier contaminant issues)
500
Define adiabatic lapse rate and whywe are interested in this related to contaminant distribution
Rate at which air parcel (contaminant plume) cools and rises. Difference between adiabatic and atmospheric lapse rates control contaminant movement in our atmosphere.
500
Provide examples of how low impact development can help to address contaminant distribution
* slows down rate of movement to allow infiltration * allows plants/bacteria to filter, breakdown, or use contaminants * distributes contaminant loading (so smaller amounts in a given location)
500
Fill in the blank with either MECHANICAL or ADMINISTRATIVE Signage to warn public of issues with water resources. _______________ Risk Management measure
What is "Administrative"
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