True Experimental Research
A possible limitation of Posttest-only randomized design
What is, you can’t confirm if your control and treatment group were equivalent in results before the treatment?
The difference between true experimental design and quasi-experimental design.
What is, Quasi-experimental design does not have randomly assigned participants while true experimental design does?
The reason that maturation is a threat to internal validity.
What is, because gains in performance could occur due to participants’ growth or development over time?
How quantitative data is expressed, which differs from qualitative data.
What is numerically?
Nonexperimental research is empirical research that does not involve...
What is manipulation of an independent variable/experimental factor?
The name of this type of design:
R O X O O
R O O X O
What is Switching Replications design?
A benefit of a within-subjects design.
What is, it requires fewer participants than other designs?
Describe history as a threat to internal validity.
What is, that something can change during the course of the study that could impact the outcome of the study?
The type of contexts or phenomena that qualitative research is most interested in analyzing.
What is social?
What type of data can nonexperimental survey research studies yield?
What is quantitative and qualitative?
The number of factors in a 3 by 3 factorial design?
What is 2?
The type of groups you use for a nonequivalent group design.
What is, pre-existing groups?
A survey administrator changes the method of giving the survey from paper to an online google form. Name the threat to internal validity that is a concern.
What is instrumentation?
Type of reasoning that begins by gathering data to identify trends or themes for the purpose of formulating a hypothesis.
What is inductive reasoning?
A type of study commonly conducted to report or describe novel treatment approaches or procedures.
What is a case study?
Two benefits of the Solomon randomized four-group design.
What are, can determine if groups were equivalent prior to treatment AND can assess pre-test sensitization?
A procedure in repeated measures studies that helps to address the potential problem of "order effects."
What is counterbalancing?
Over the span of a long-term study of job satisfaction, 10 of the participants retire with 1 year left of the study. Name the threat to internal validity that is a concern.
What is mortality?
Type of reasoning used in studies that are testing an already formed hypothesis?
What is deductive reasoning?
A type of study that examines how strongly variables are related or predictive of one another, but does NOT examine the causal effects of variables on one another.
What is a correlation study?
Describe an interaction effect in a factorial group design.
What is, a combined effect on the DV that occurs when the effect of a factor (IV) varies according to the level of another factor (IV)
Four ways to increase the quality of single subject designs and reduce threats to internal validity?
What are, adequate number of baseline measurements, multiple opportunities to show experimental effect, use of meaningful and reliable measures, and consistent administration of the treatment?
A word that refers to when the participant learns or changes their own behavior as a result of a pretest.
What is pre-test sensitization?
Four ways that data may be collected in qualitative research.
What are audio/videotaping, direct observation, ethnographic interviews, verbal/written statements/samples?
This type of nonexperimental design includes retrospective and prospective studies.
What is causal comparative?