Definitions
Situations where relationships vary depending on the conditions under which they are observed
What is context dependence?
Detectability of X-Y relationship varies with presence of another variable(s) C
What are confounding factors?
Accurately reporting methodology and incorporating measures of model performance that compare explained with unexplained variance
What are transparent research practices?
Relationships or outcomes that appear to vary under different conditions, but are in fact driven by issues related to confounding factors, statistical inference, and methodological differences.
What is apparent context dependence?
X-Y relationship depends on external factor(s) Z
What are interaction effects?
Selection of statistical approaches less sensitive to effects of confounders.
What is controlling for apparent context dependence during study design?
Occurs when a relationship fundamentally differs under different ecological and spatiotemporal conditions
Apparent variation in X-Y relationship stems from inaccurate or imprecise estimates or low statistical power
What is statistical inference?
Abandoning notions and use of statistical significance and using meta-analytic thinking and focusing on effect sizes and uncertainty
What is identifying meaningful variation?
What is design analysis?
Apparent variation in X-Y relationship stems from incomparable study metrics, scales, or differences
What are methodological differences?
Multilevel experiments that lack replicates but instead span a wider gradient of environmental conditions by maximising the diversity of conditions examined
What are gradient experiments?