Key Concepts
This refers to the consistent existence of cultural elements in a society over time.
What is continuity?
A slow, gradual form of social change aligned with Darwin’s ideas.
What is evolutionary change?
A process of social transformation involving technology and societal advancement.
What is modernisation?
This sociologist coined the theory of cultural lag.
Who is William Ogburn?
The level of society focused on individuals and families.
What is the micro level?
Deeply held beliefs that guide behaviour, but can differ across social groups.
What are values?
A type of change that must be profound, permanent, and irreversible.
What is transformative change?
A type of modernisation involving the adoption of Western capitalist values.
What is westernisation?
Fear of this factor is a common cause of resistance to change.
What is the future?
The level that includes community groups, clubs, schools, and religious institutions.
What is the meso level?
The social process that gives power or authority to individuals or institutions.
What is empowerment?
This type of change alters family structures, peer interactions, and gender expectations.
What is micro-level change?
This force leads to increased global interconnectedness, including the spread of ideas and goods.
What is globalisation?
This term refers to the exhaustion people feel due to the fast pace of constant change.
What is change fatigue?
The level where national governments and large institutions operate.
What is the macro level?
The perceived incompatibility of goals or actions, which can occur at all societal levels.
What is conflict?
The theory that explains the lag between technology development and cultural adaptation.
What is cultural lag theory?
This term describes the shift from traditional villages to individualistic and urbanised societies.
What is industrialisation?
This event showed how meso-level institutions like churches and schools adapted to remote life.
What is COVID-19 Pandemic?
These localised “spaces” help meso-level communities foster change.
What are interactive spaces?
This concept describes when cultural traditions are preserved for tourism or media, but lose their original meaning.
What is staged authenticity?
The five stages of this model include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.
What is the Stages of Change model?
This country’s strong resistance to westernisation has been linked to traditional Islamic beliefs and anti-US sentiment.
What is Afghanistan?
This tech innovation has prompted debates about job displacement and regulation.
What is AI (Artificial Intelligence)?
This type of change reflects evolving values at the macro level.
What is legislative change?