Landmark Cases
What Case ended segregation in public schools in 1954?
Brown v. Board of Education
The U.S Supreme Court
What is Judicial interpretation?
The power to interpret laws and the constitution
What is the First Amendment?
This amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly.
Define a Civil case
cases that involve people's rights in which courts use laws to settle disputes.
What court decision resulted in police requirement to inform suspects of their rights?
Miranda v. Arizona
Which Article in the constitution created the Supreme Court?
Article Three
What is judicial review?
This allows courts to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
This amendment ensures the right to a speedy and public trial.
What is original jurisdiction?
The authority to hear and decide a case.
Roe v. Wade
Steps to Supreme Court justice appointment
President appoints, Senate approves.
List the 3 federal Court levels. (Highest to Lowest).
U.S Supreme court
U.S Court of Appeals
U.S District Court
What case connects with 14th amendment?
This amendment’s “equal protection” clause was key in Brown v. Board.
Who is the person who brings a case to court in a civil trial?
The Plaintiff
This case guaranteed the right to an attorney even if you cannot afford one, what court decision was this?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Judicial review
Before a case can reach the Supreme Court, someone usually files this, asking the Court to review the decision. What is this called?
The writ of Certiorari
Where in the constitution do you find the due process rights?
Rights of the accused - 5th & 14th amendment.
What is precedent?
The example used to help judges make decisions in future cases that are similar
Evidence obtained through illegal search and seizure is unusable in court. What court decision was this?
Mapp v. Ohio
What is the rule of 4?
In order to accept a case in the Supreme Court 4/9 members must agree.
Grand Jury- Goes over evidence to see if there is sufficient evidence to indict someone.
Trial Jury- Gives a verdict to determine if suspect is innocent or guilty.
Which amendment limits the powers of the federal government and reserves powers for the states or the people?
The Tenth Amendment
Asserts that judicial review allows the courts to overturn current constitutional and case precedent or invalidate legislative or executive acts. What vocab word does this define?
Judicial Activism