It is the occurrence of chronic bronchitis or emphysema, a pair of commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs in which the airways narrow over time.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
100
Shortness of breath that gets worse over time. (It is often accompanied by a phlegm-producing cough and episodes of wheezing.)
What is the most common symptom of COPD?
100
Noxious particles or gas, most commonly from tobacco smoke
What is the cause of COPD?
100
A type of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction. COPD falls under this category.
What is an obstructive lung disease?
100
Quit smoking
What is the best way to reduce your risk of COPD?
200
A disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
What is asthma?
200
Shortness of breath, wheezing, gasping, coughing, rapid pulse, sweating, cyanosis, pain and tightness in chest, fear.
What is an asthma attack?
200
Smoking, occupational exposures, air pollution, genetics, autoimmune disease, infection
What are COPD risk factors?
200
1) Oxidative stress produced by the high concentrations of free radicals in tobacco smoke
2) Cytokine release due to inflammation as the body responds to irritant particles such as tobacco smoke in the airway
3) Tobacco smoke and free radicals impair the activity of antiprotease enzymes, allowing protease enzymes to damage the lung
What are the most important processes causing lung damage?
200
There is no cure, there are only treatments to slow the progress of the disease.
What is the prognosis for COPD?
300
A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
What is emphysema?
300
History of tobacco smoking, chronic cough and sputum production, dyspnea, rhonchi, decreased breath sounds, and prolonged expiration on physical examination. Airflow limitation on pulmonary function testing that is not fully reversible and most often progressive.
What are other acronyms for COPD (the occurrence of chronic bronchitis or emphysema)?
300
The limit to how much forceful expiration can actually increase air flow
What is expiratory flow limitation?
300
A substance that relaxes and expands the bronchi and bronchioles, decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs.
What is a bronchodilator?
400
A form of bronchitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes) characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and the obstruction of air flow.
What is chronic bronchitis?
400
Can lead to complications beyond the lungs, such as weight loss, headaches, drowsiness, pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure. Osteoporosis, heart disease, muscle wasting and depression are all more common in people with this.
What are symptoms of advanced COPD?
400
COPD is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. It was ranked as the sixth leading cause of death worldwide in 1990. It is projected to become the fourth leading cause of death worldwide by 2030.
What is the death rate due to COPD?
400
If the rate of airflow is too low, a person with COPD may not be able to completely finish breathing out (expiration) before he or she needs to take another breath, especially during exercise. A little of the air of the previous breath remains within the lungs when the next breath is started, resulting in an increase in the volume of air in the lungs, a process called:
What is dynamic hyperinflation?
400
Surgical procedure which removes the damaged part of the lung caused by COPD
What is LVR surgery (Lung Volume Reduction surgery)?
500
Shortness of breath
What is dyspnea?
500
Episodes of difficulty in breathing in a person with chronic bronchitis
What are acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB)?
500
80% to 90% of people diagnosed
What is the percentage of people diagnosed with COPD that are also either chronic or former smokers?
500
In emphysema, the loss of the surface area available for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide results in: