COPD
COPD is a term to describe progressive lung diseases including
emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory asthma
Defined as the presence of a ____ and ____ production
Cough, sputum
Characterized by damage to the ____
Alveoli
Pathophysiology of Asthma
Chronic inflammation of the airways that is worsened with certain triggers. As airways swell, muscles around them tighten, increasing mucous production and making breathing more difficult
Bronchodilators work to
HELP TO DECREASE AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION AND INFLAMMATION SO THAT SECRETIONS ARE MORE EASILY CLEARED
COPD is the ____ leading cause of death in the United States
4th
Occurs in at least ___ consecutive months, in each of __ consecutive years.
3, 2
Overtime, the inner walls of the alveoli ___ and ____
Weaken and rupture
Allergens & irritants that trigger symptoms include
Pollen, mold, pet dander, foods, dust, smoke, cold/dry air, aerosols, stress, exercise
Corticosteroids have a ____ effect
Anti-inflammatory
COPD diagnosis?
History, Physical examination, PFTs
Also referred to as a ___ ____.
Blue Bloater
Also referred to as ___ ____
Pink Puffers
Diagnosis of Asthma is based on ___, ____, and _____
History, symptoms and Spirometry findings
Nursing interventions and medications for smoking cessation
•Explain risks and importance for quitting as related to each patient
•Set a “quit date”
•Counseling / smoking cessation program
•Nicotine gum / patch
•Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
•Chantix
Risk factors for COPD include
Tobacco smoke, Second-hand smoke, Heredity, Prolonged exposure to environmental or occupational chemicals
Disease characterized by
Inflamed bronchial tubes that produce excessive mucous
Often seen with barrel chest, meaning
lungs are chronically overinflated with air, so the rib cage stays partially expanded all the time.
Symptoms of Asthma include
•Recurrent cough (especially at night)
•Wheezing
•Chest tightness / dyspnea
•Worsening of symptoms with exposure to triggers
•Excessive mucous production may be present
Treatment of status asthmatics includes
•ED / ICU monitoring
•O2
•IV fluids
•Antibiotics if needed
•Short-acting bronchodilators by nebulizer
•Systemic corticosteroids
•Theophylline
Manifestations of COPD include ____, _____, and ____.
Dyspnea, Chronic cough, sputum production
A patient with Chronic Bronchitis would likely appear
Overweight, Cyanotic, With rhonchi/wheezing and peripheral edema
A patient with Emphysema would likely appear
Older, thin, "pink", barrel chest, anxious, use of accessory muscles, dyspniec
Status Asthmaticus is characterized by
•Severe attack that is resistant to treatment
•Rapid initiation of symptoms (chest tightness, wheezing, dry cough, SOB)
•Symptoms may occur with little to no warning and increase rapidly in severity
In treating Asthma, ____ should only be used in combination with ____ to prevent increased exacerbations or death.
Long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteriods