1
causes of reduced coronary blood flow
atheroclerosis
uncontrolled hypertension
infections
occurs with increasing frequency, severity, duration, decreasing levels of activity
unpredictable
risk for MI
unstable angina
the heart cannot completely relax during diastole, disrupting normal filling
diastolic heart failure
causes of ischemia
atheroclerosis
thrombosis
coronary artery spasm
drop in bp
Patient experiencing chest pain that is tight, squeezing, and heavy pressure that lasts 2-5 minutes. relieved by rest. complaining of dyspnea, pallor, tachycardia, fear, and anxiety
Patient reports fatigue and activity intolerance, pulmonary congestion, orthopnea, nocturia, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cyanosis, and low urine output. Crackles and wheezing are heard on auscultation
left sided heart failure
what is angina caused from
ischemia
The patient has chest pain in the substernal or epigastric region that occurs at rest and lasts 10-20 minutes. complaints of dyspnea, diaphoresis, pallor, cool skin, nausea, lightheaded, tachycardia, and hypotension.
acute coronary syndrome
The patient has edema in the feet and legs. Reports fatigue, weight gain, anorexia, GI distress, jugular vein distention, and increased venous pressure
Right-sided heart failure
The most common and predictable type of angina
occurs with a predictable amount of activity
relieved by rest
stable angina
patient experiencing severe pain in the substernal region. report's feeling is crushing, severe, pressure, heaviness, squeezing, tightness, burning, radiating to the shoulder, neck, jaw, and arm that is lasting 15- 20 minutes. pain not relieved by rest or nitro
Reports feeling impending doom, tachy, diminished pulses, decreased LOC
myocardial infarction
how to treat pulmonary edema
loop diuretics, calcium channel blockers
atypical angina
can occur at rest
prinzmetal (variant) angina
The ventricle fails to contract adequately to eject a sufficient volume of blood into the arterial system
systolic heart failure
how to treat heart failure
bumetanide
ace inhibitors
ARBs
Beta blockers
vasodilators
digoxin