Intermediate Sanctions
What is the term for a program that requires convicted offenders to complete a certain number of hours of unpaid work as part of their sentencing or probation conditions?
Community Service
It allows prisoners to be released before their prison period is finished, but there must be an agreement that they will follow the rules.
Parole
Name the difference between prisons and jails
Jails hold people who are arrested for minor crimes. Prisons are for those convicted of serious crimes and serve longer sentences. Prisons usually have more security than jails.
What is the name of the first correctional institution in the U.S.?
Walnut Street Jail
Desire to transform people identified as delinquent into responsible members of society through a theory-based program
Rehabilitation
The term for payment from a convicted offender to the victim of a crime is court-ordered "payback."
Restitution
The father of probation
John Augustus
A set of norms, values, and beliefs followed by inmates while incarcerated that may differ from institutional rules.
Inmate Subculture
What were the primary characteristics of the Pennsylvania System?
The Pennsylvania system focused on the separation, silence, and reformation of inmates but did not engage with other inmates.
When the punishment of a crime outweighs the reward.
Deterrence
A place where people with criminal records or mental health issues can stay after leaving prison or the hospital before living on their own. They provide help with mental health treatment, drug and alcohol recovery, finding jobs, and special programs to support individuals.
Halfway House
Who grants and revokes probation?
The Courts
What is the Hands-off Doctrine?
The Hands-off doctrine states that the federal government does not have legal standing to interfere with the operation of state institutions.
What is the name of the first prison system to use the congregate system?
The Auburn System
An eye for an eye or getting even with the person.
Retribution
Releasing an offender back into the community, they still have strict restrictions on what they can do. This type of probation is for high-risk individuals who need a lot of supervision
Intensive Supervised Probation
This court case established due process rights for individuals on probation and parole.
Gagnon v. Scarpelli
This process checks if correctional facilities meet certain standards. It helps keep staff and inmates safe. It also provides healthcare for inmates and makes sure that facilities are responsible for their environment.
Accreditation
What is considered to be the father of the Classical School of Criminology?
Cesare Beccaria
Addressing the harm that has already been caused while also working to rebuild relationships within the community.
Restoration
This program is a military-style discipline, physical training, labor, substance abuse education, social and employment training, and psychological treatment.
Shock Incarceration
The court decided that parolees must have a two-step hearing process before their parole can be revoked. First, there will be a preliminary hearing to determine if there is enough evidence for the alleged violation. If there is, a full revocation hearing will follow.
Morrissey v. Brewer
What are the four sentencing models?
Indeterminate - A type of sentencing that is not a fixed time and the inmates release date is left open
Determinate - A type of sentencing that is has a set time and can not be changed
Aggravating circumstances/factors - Crimes of violence against a child or the elderly, physical or mental disability, incapacitation, or illness and injury
Mitigating circumstances/factors - Extenuating circumstances that lessens the severity or culpability of a criminal offense
What does Hedonist Calculus mean?
People consider the pleasure they might get from committing a crime and the pain they could face from punishment. They will weigh these two factors and decide which one is more important to them.
It prevents crime from occurring in society and removes criminals from society so they cannot commit future crimes.
Incapacitation