Terms #1
This group of people commit approximately 7% of all crimes.
What are juveniles?
This provides protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
This case ruled that the execution of people with cognitive disabilities to be cruel and unusual punishment.
What is Atkins v. Virginia?
This allows prosecutors to file some cases in either adult or juvenile court.
What is prosecutorial discretion?
This statute states that those convicted of crimes lost all citizenship rights, such as the right to vote, to hold public office, and - in some cases - to marry.
What are civil death statutes?
This case established 5 basic constitutional due process rights for juveniles.
What is In re Gault?
Another term for amicus curiae briefs.
What are friend of the court briefs?
Juveniles who commit acts that are criminal when committed by adults.
What are delinquents?
The notion that every member of society, including lawmakers, presidents, and prime ministers, is subject to the law.
What is the rule of law?
A transfer to an adult court is called this.
What is a waiver?
These are similar to adult presentence investigation reports in the juvenile court.
What are predisposition reports?
This term means "in place of parents".
What is in loco parentis?
This guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly.
What is the First Amendment?
This case drew the line at age 16 under which execution was not constitutionally permissible.
What is Thompson v. Oklahoma?
This allows prosecutors to file some cases in either adult or juvenile court.
What is prosecutorial discretion?
This term means "state as parent".
What is parens patriae?
This is a court order requiring that an arrested person be brought before the court to determine the legality of their detention.
What is habeas corpus?
Waivers in cases in which state legislatures have statutorily excluded certain serious offenses from the juvenile courts for juveniles older than a certain age.
What is statutory exclusion?
Acts that are legal for adults but not legal for juveniles.
What are status offenses?
Any deprivation of rights grievance filed under Section 1983 suits are called this.
What are civil rights claims?
This case redrew the line at 18 under which anyone can be executed.
What is Roper v. Simmons?
This involves a juvenile judge's deciding after a full inquiry that the juvenile should be waived.
What is a judicial waiver?
This articulated the reluctance of the judiciary to interfere with the management and administration of prisons.
What is the hands-off doctrine?
This means that an agreement is reached between the youth and a juvenile probation officer, without any formal court appearance, that the youth will follow certain probation conditions.
What is deferred adjudication?
This was the minimum legal age of criminal responsibility as defined in early English common law.
What is 7?