Key Terms
Positive Correlation
As variable x increases or decreases, so does variable y
Define Causation
The conclusion in a true experiment where one variable (independent) causes the other (dependent)
Define Effect Size (Correlation Coefficient)
The interpretation of a set of correlating data (tells the researcher whether it is a strong or weak correlation)
Graph 1 (Whiteboard)
No Correlation
Negative Correlation
As variable x increases, variable y decreases (and vice versa)
Define Correlation
The mathematical quantification of the relationship between any two non-manipulated variables
Possible Range of Effect Sizes
-1 to +1
Graph 2 (Whiteboard)
Strong Positive Correlation
Co-variables
The variables used when observing correlations
Study where no variables are manipulated
Correlation
If the effect size is less than 0.1, the correlation between the data is ...
Negligible
Graph 3 (Whiteboard)
Strong Negative Correlation
Zero Correlation
No trend or correlation between variable x and variable y
Type of data required for a correlation study
Quantitative
If the effect size is over 0.5, the correlation between the data is ...
Strong
Graph 4 (Whiteboard)
Weak Positive Correlation
The graph that represents correlations visually
Give an example of Bi-Directional Ambiguity
Must be impossible to know (because no variables are manipulated), whether x causes y or y causes x
If the effect size is between 0.1 and 0.3, the correlation between the data is ...
Weak
Graph 5 (Whiteboard)
Weak Negative Correlation