CUTICLE
What is the outermost layer of hair?
hair cuticle
A ____ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place.
ligament
A stylist is preparing to perform a permanent waving chemical service on a client with straight, coarse hair. The last time the stylist performed this service with the client, the results were not satisfactory, as the hair did not curl as much as was intended. Which of the following is a consideration the stylist should take into account before performing this service again?
The client’s hair pattern and texture are moisture resistant, so the chemical service may take longer to process.
Which of the following can be a cause of dry hair and dry scalp?
inactive sebaceous glands
Trichoptilosis is the technical term for _____.
split ends
Which of the following nail diseases is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and in early stages is seen as a yellow-green spot?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are the two basic requirements for a maintaining a healthy scalp?
cleanliness and stimulation
The standard reference point that is the widest area on the head is the ______.
parietal ridge
Which element of hair design relates to the mass or general outline of a hairstyle?
form
During shampoo service, a cosmetologist observes that a client with tight curl patterns needs the wet hair detangled. Which brush type should the cosmetologist use?
a wide-tooth comb
What is the cause of pityriasis?
fungal infection
What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced?
anagen
The natural nail unit includes which part of the finger?
the tip to the first knuckle
Which part of the living portion of the hair is defined as the structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin?
the hair follicle
The _______________ is composed mainly of keratin.
onyx
If a cosmetologist holds a strand of hair with one hand while sliding the other hand’s thumb and forefinger from the end of the strand to the client’s scalp, what component of the hair is being analyzed?
porosity
What nail disorder is associated with a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, where it might curl in upon itself?
pincer nail
Where is the nape on the head?
the back part of the neck below the occipital bone
Hair should be shampooed _____.
as often as necessary
What hair disorder is caused by loss of the hair’s natural pigment?
canities
How would you compare fingernail and toenail growth?
Toenails are thicker than fingernails because the toenail matrix is longer.
Which massage technique uses stroking and circular hand movements?
effleurage
During which part of the three-part client services process do cosmetologists clean and disinfect implements?
pre-service
Why might a cosmetologist choose to give a client a scalp massage using the petrissage technique?
to loosen dead skin cells from the scalp
Hair is approximately _____ percent protein.
90
What is the relationship between water content and the nail?
The lower the water content, the more rigid the nail
If a client’s hair is brittle and there are circular-shaped lesions on the scalp with red spots at the opening of the hair follicles, the client is likely infected with ______.
tinea capitis
Which description is true of very curly, fine hair?
Very curly, fine hair responds well to a blowdryer and thermal flat iron.
Which hair disorder causes terminal hair to grow on areas of a woman’s body where terminal hair typically does not grow?
hirsuties
The natural nail itself is technically referred to as the ____________.
onyx
A client with a petite frame and narrow hips and shoulders is discussing a new hairstyle with a cosmetologist. The client describes a popular, voluminous hairstyle as an option. What should the cosmetologist consider when discussing the desired style with the client?
The cosmetologist should consider whether the hairstyle will be proportional to the client’s body type.
What is the phase of the hair growth cycle in which the hair can shed?
telogen phase
Jessica notices that a few toes on her client's feet seem to have a fungal infection. Jessica suggests that the client start a regimen of regular foot soaks as well as using tea tree oil, and that if she does this, she doesn't need to see a podiatrist. Jessica's manager overhears this conversation and is unhappy with Jessica's response. Why?
Cosmetologists should not provide any medical advice.
In which situation would a clarifying shampoo be recommended?
when there is product buildup
An example of a parasitic infection is ________.
pediculosis capitis
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a _____ chain.
polypeptide
What nail disorder is associated with damage to the capillaries under the nail?
splinter hemorrhage
A client with a round face type will be best complemented by a hairstyle that _____.
adds volume on the top and is close to the sides of the head
Why is it important to understand nail disorders and diseases?
You must be able to identify conditions and determine if they can be treated in the salon.
_________________ is also known as athlete's foot.
Tinea pedis
What part of the natural nail unit protects the tips of the fingers and toes?
nail plate
Which treatment is recommended for a client with trichorrhexis nodosa?
softening the hair with conditioners
What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum?
pityriasis steatoides
The complete loss of all body hair is known as _____.
alopecia universalis
Which design element is the directional wave patterns or illusion of motion in the hair?
design texture
How often should a cosmetologist hold a consultation with a client?
before every service
What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp?
tinea favosa
How would you recommend clients make their plate grow thicker?
Nothing can make the nail plate grow thicker.
Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of _____ in the solution.
hydrogen
What is the medical term used to describe dandruff?
pityriasis
What is the water content of a healthy nail?
15 to 25 percent
Which portion of the hair root structure supplies nutrients so that the hair can grow?
the dermal papilla
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
fragilitas crinium
Which sentence best describes the medulla?
The medulla is the hair’s pith or core.
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair _____.
porosity
What is the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin?
lunula
The basic design line type that creates length and height in a hairstyle is ______.
vertical lines
What is the technical term for beaded hair?
monilethrix
Which nail disorder is associated with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus?
infected finger
What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair?
humectants
Why should a stylist cut curly, coarse hair when it is dry?
Curly, coarse hair shrinks as it dries, so it will appear much shorter if cut wet.
What color is NOT normal for a healthy nail?
reddish
During which scenario do nail growth rates increase dramatically?
last trimester of pregnancy
What is the average rate of nail plate growth in normal adults per month?
1/10 to 1/8 inch per month
The length of sideburns should be______
adjusted to appear even in length
What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the nail plate’s free edge?
the hyponychium
_____ lines are positioned between horizontal and vertical lines and are often used to emphasize or minimize facial features.
Diagonal
If a cosmetologist places a comb flat against the nape, the location where the comb leaves the head is the _________.
occipital bone
Which design lines are repeating lines in a hairstyle that can be curved or straight?
parallel lines
What nail disorder is associated with nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations?
nail psoriasis