pH
The term pH is the abbreviation used for potential ____ , and the symbol pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions in solution.
hydrogen; hydrogen
What is the most common type of perm rod?
Concave rods
Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur?
Amino acids
Base sections
____ combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing.
The ____ measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance by measuring the quantity of hydrogen ions it contains.
pH scale
The ____ uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.
Bookend wrap
What are long, colied polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads?
Keratin proteins
_____ refers to position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.
The range of numbers used in the pH scale is ____.
0 to 14
What perm rods are equal in diameter along there entire length or curling area?
Straight rods
Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain?
Peptide bonds
The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as _____.
Base direction
Back of the head
Chemical hair texturizers and temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to ____.
Soften and swell the shaft.
What soft foam perm rods are usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?
Soft bender rods
What are the basic building blocks of hair that affect how chemical solution react?
Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds.
_____ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
_____ gives you the ability to permanently change the hairs natural wave and curl pattern, thereby offering clients a variety of styling options that would not otherwise be possible.
Chemical texture services
In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is ____.
High alkaline
The ____ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand on hair being wrapped, providing the most control over the hair ends.
Double flat wrap
The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross-linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are ____.
Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds.
Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional _____.
Stress and tension on hair
_____ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows.
Viscosity