Foundations
Gravity and Electromagnetism
Quantum Physics
Mixed Bag
Mixed Bag
100
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
100
Explain gravity.
The force that pulls on everything, bringing it towards Earth's center. Keeps the planets in orbit.
100
Name the subatomic particles, and describe the organization of an atom
Proton, neutron, electron. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus, and electrons orbit the nucleus
100
What is thermal radiation?
Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object due to the object's internal energy
100
The study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe
What is Cosmology?
200
What are the building blocks of matter?
Atoms
200
True or False: things with greater mass have greater gravitational pull.
True: the larger something is, the greater is its gravitational pull
200
What is the main lesson of quantum physics?
It tells us that an electron is both a particle and a wave.
200
What is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, but most important force for understanding the structure and evolution of the Universe?
Gravity
200
Name the classes of elementary particles, and list the types of particles in each class.
Classes: Fermions and Bosons Fermions: Quarks, Leptons Bosons: Gauge boson/force particles, scalar boson
300
What are the 4 fundamental forces in order of strength (weakest first)?
Gravitation, Electromagnetism, Weak nuclear, Strong nuclear
300
What is weight?
Weight of an object is the measurement of the force on the object due to gravity.
300
What is the Uncertainty Principle, and who is credited with its existence?
The more precisely one property is known, the less precisely the other can be known. Heisenberg thought of it.
300
True or false: Electromagnetism acts on all matter.
False: Electromagnetism acts only on pieces of matter carrying electric charge.
300
The tiny particles in electromagnetic waves (also known as "packets of energy") are now called ______, but were once called _______.
photons; quanta
400
Strong and Weak nuclear interactions occur between which type of particles?
Elementary particles
400
What is the electromagnetic force?
It is the force that causes electric and magnetic effects such as the repulsion between like electrical charges or the interaction of bar magnets. It results from the movement of electrons.
400
Describe/define Electromagnetic Radiation.
EM Radiation is the waves of energy and light moving all around us. Called EM because of electric and magnetic fields. Scientists classify them by their frequency, or wavelength.
400
True or False: Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional.
True: A greater frequency means a shorter, tighter wavelength. A lower frequency (less often peaks/valleys in the wave) means there is a longer, wider wavelength.
400
What is the number describing the gravity on the moon compared to the gravity on Earth?
83.3%
500
Which fundamental force is responsible for binding atomic nuclei?
Strong nuclear interaction
500
Is electromagnetism attractive or repulsive?
Both-- could be either
500
What is Planck's law?
Increasing the temperature of an object allows it to emit more energy overall, and means that a larger proportion of the energy is towards the violet end of the spectrum.
500
What is Planck's constant?
6.626 * 10^-34 Js (joule-seconds)
500
What is antimatter, and what happens when it meets with matter particles?
Antimatter is material composed of antiparticles; which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but have opposite charge and other particle properties. When matter and antimatter particles collide, they annihilate each other and emit energy.
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