Cattle
Which group originally brought cattle to Texas?
The Spanish
After the Civil War, how did the U.S. government try to solve the conflict between Indian tribes and settlers moving west?
By signing peace treaties
By requiring Indians to move to reservations.
She was kidnapped by Comanche as a young girl, grew up and married a Comanche leader, and her son became a famous leader himself.
Cynthia Ann Parker
After which time period did railroad companies begin building rail lines westward?
After the Civil War.
When did cattle drives end?
By the 1890s, when rail lines were built to Texas.
Why was Texas ideal for raising cattle?
Who led the Comanche in an attack at Adobe Walls?
Quanah Parker
Who was Victorio?
He led the Apache during raids in South Texas, on both sides of the Rio Grande.
How did the trancontinental railroad benefit the United States?
It connected the East Coast to the West Coast
More than _________ horses and mules were destroyed after the defeat of the Comanche in the Panhandle.
1000
Why did cowboys drive the cattle north?
To get the cattle to the railroads.
Where did Comanche and U.S. troops clash?
West Texas
The Great Plains
The Texas Panhandle
What did Governor James S. Hogg do to help Texas farmers?
He created the Texas Railroad Commission to ensure farmers could pay a fair price for transportation.
Which main two immigrant groups worked on the railroads?
Chinese and Irish immigrants
Which rancher established the most widely used cattle trail in the 1860s?
Charles Goodnight
How did Joseph Glidden try to solve the conflict between ranchers and farmers?
He invented a type of fencing called barbed wire.
Where were the Comanches finally defeated by Col. Ranald Mackenzie and his U.S. Cavalry?
Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
What was "The Grange"?
A sort of "union" that fought for farmers' rights against unfair business practices by the railroads.
What did Jay Gould and Collis P. Huntington do in Texas?
They created a monopoly of railroad lines, and charged Texas farmers high prices to transport crops.
Which former general and war hero served as president during the Indian Wars and the expansion of the railroads?
Ulysses S. Grant
Why were cattle worth more in the Northeast U.S.?
Why were Buffalo Soldiers sent into the Rio Grande Valley (South Texas)?
To stop Apache raids.
This statue of a former Texas governor stands on campus at A & M University, where students place pennies for good luck on exams.
Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross, known to students as "Sully"
What effect did railroads have on U.S. cities, especially in the western states?
Transportation of goods and people to cities near the rail lines created economic growth. Those cities grew bigger.
For what two reasons were buffalo hunted nearly to extinction?
Hunters sold the hides for money, and buffalo were Plains Indians' major food source.