Asthma
What is the classic triad of asthma symptoms?
Wheeze, cough, and shortness of breath
What is the primary cause of COPD in the UK?
Smoking
What is the most common site of TB infection?
Lungs (pulmonary TB)
What is the recommended first imaging test for suspected lung cancer?
Chest X-ray
What occupational exposure is linked to asbestosis?
Asbestos (e.g., shipbuilding, construction)
What class of drug is salbutamol?
Short-acting β₂-agonist (SABA)
What does the FEV1/FVC ratio look like in COPD?
<0.7 (obstructive pattern)
What is the name of the causative organism of TB?
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
What is the most common type of lung cancer?
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer accounts for 80-85% of lung cancers
What is the classical auscultation finding in pulmonary fibrosis?
Fine “Velcro” crackles
Name one red flag feature that might suggest an asthma emergency
Silent chest, cyanosis, inability to complete sentences, PEFR <33%
Name the 3 components of the “blue bloater” phenotype.
Cyanosis, chronic bronchitis, CO₂ retention
What is the common finding on chest x-ray of pulmonary TB?
Cavitating lung lesion
Which lung cancer is associated with SIADH and ectopic ACTH?
Small cell lung cancer cells can produce ADH, leading to paraneoplastic syndrome
What is the median survival time of idiopathic fibrotic lung disease (+/- 1 year either side)?
3 years - due to disease progression and respiratory failure.
What is the FeNO test used for?
Indicates degree of airway inflammation to diagnose allergic or eosinophillic asthma (FeNO >40 = asthma)
What inhalers are typically prescribed first-line in COPD?
SABA or SAMA (short-acting bronchodilators)
What is the first-line treatment regimen for active TB?
Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (RIPE)
Name one red flag symptom of lung cancer.
Haemoptysis, weight loss, persistent cough, hoarseness
What pattern is typically seen on high-resolution CT in IPF?
Honeycombing
What is the pharmacological management of newly diagnosed asthma?
Anti Inflammatory Reliever therapy, Maintenance And Reliever Therapy (ICS+Formoterol), then LTRA or LAMA
What resting PaO2 value is required for initiating long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT)?
PaO₂ <7.3 kPa or PaO₂ <8 kPa with polycythaemia/pulmonary hypertension
What condition is indicated by a positive Mantoux test but no symptoms?
Latent TB infection
What is a Pancoast tumour and what syndrome can it cause?
Apical lung tumour → Horner’s syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis)
Name a drug used to slow progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Pirfenidone or Nintedanib