Hx of Counseling, Assessment, & Research
Hippocrates is often cited as the “father of modern medicine”- tell me two things he is credited for starting that we still use today in counseling psychology?
Introduced the concept of prognosis, developed systematic diagnostic interviews (intakes), built trust between patient and doctor, moved away from “divine origin
What is the “ethical floor” versus the “ethical ceiling”?
The bare minimum versus what you aspire to be
Name two types of Cognitive therapy AND the name of the founder of each one.
CBT (Beck); REBT (Ellis)
In the article on school counselors and social justice, they found seven overarching themes…name 3 of them.
Using political savvy to navigate power structures, consciousness raising, initiating difficult dialogues, building intentional relationships, teaching students self-advocacy, using data for marketing, and education others about the school counselor role of advocate
What is the difference between psychological assessment and testing?
Assessment: the procedures and process of collecting information and measures of human behavior. Testing: A part of assessment- the objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior
What is informed consent and name two times it may be necessary to break informed consent
Procedure to ensure that the client knows all the risks and costs involved in treatment. A number of acceptable answers: harm to self; harm to others; abuse of a minor
What is the difference between cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness behavioral therapy?
In traditional behavioral therapy, you need to change your thoughts; In mindfulness behavioral therapy, you accept your thoughts.
In the article, “The mindful way through the semester,” researchers found that a one-time workshop on acceptance based behavior therapy was effective in reducing _______ but not reducing ___________.
Depression but not stress/anxiety
This is called the first “culture-fair” measure of general mental ability.
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
From lecture, what are the 3 dimensions of culture and can you describe them?
Concrete (visible and tangible; surface level); Behavioral (reflects the values); Symbolic (includes values and beliefs; abstract)
In Behavioral therapy, this is the technique that lets a client earn token reinforcers to exchange for backup reinforcers.
Token Economy
In the article, “Psychological treatments that harm,” Lillienfield cites that grief counseling for individuals with normal bereavement reactions may be potentially harmful. What was the potential harm?
Increase in depressive symptoms.
What were two important development in counseling psychology during and after World War II?
Importance of psychological assessment (personnel selection, mental health) & Veteran care and vocational guidance after returning from the war
Name the 5 general principles of the APA Code of ethics?
Name two strengths and two weakness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
Strengths: Discourages dependence on counselor; Teaches new methods for clients can continue after therapy ends; Concrete and clear - accessible to most; Thousands of controlled studies - consistently the more effective therapy
Weaknesses: Cannot be used effectively with individuals who have severe mental problems or limitations; Primarily emphasis is on thoughts, emotions are secondary; Danger to impose therapists own philosophy on clients
Name 3 assumptions of DBT
Patients are doing the best that they can
Patients want to improve
Patients must learn new behaviors in all parts of life
Patients cannot fail in DBT
Patients may not have caused all of their problems, but they need to solve them anyway
Patients need to do better, try harder and be more motivated to change
The lives of suicidal individuals are unbearable as they are currently being lived