History of Mental Health
20th-Century Theorists in therapy
Parts of the Brain
Neurons & Neurotransmitters
Brain Imaging
100
Ancient cultures treated abnormal behavior with trephination because they assumed mental distress was caused by this specific force
What is evil spirits
100
This founder of psychoanalysis popularized "talk therapy," proving that speaking out loud about unconscious thoughts can heal psychological distress.
Who is Sigmund Freud
100
Located at the front of the brain, this lobe is responsible for focus, decision-making, reasoning, and personality.
What is the frontal lobe
100
These internal chemical messengers carry signals across spaces between nerve cells to help your body move, feel, and process information.
What are neurotransmitters
100
This brain slice or viewing plane divides the brain into front and back sections
What is the coronal plane (or frontal)
200
Instead of blaming curses from the gods, this ancient doctor claimed mental and physical illnesses were caused by an imbalance of the four humors.
Who is Hippocrates
200
He created Person-Centered Therapy, teaching that counselors should never give advice, but instead use active listening and unconditional positive regard.
Who is Carl Rogers
200
This lobe processes sensory information from the body, managing spatial awareness, navigation, and touch.
What is the parietal lobe
200
This key neurotransmitter drives the brain's reward system, regulating motivation and motor control.
What is dopamine
200
This viewing plane cuts the brain down the middle, separating it into left and right halves
What is Sagittal plane
300
When appointed to Paris’s Bicêtre Asylum in 1793, his very first controversial act was ordering staff to unchain the patients and replace dark dungeons with sunny rooms and fresh air.
Who is Philippe Pinel
300
Developed by Aaron Beck, this popular therapy helps clients identify distorted self-talk and reframe negative thought patterns.
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
300
Located in the temporal lobe, this structure plays a critical role in learning, spatial navigation, and forming long-term memories.
What is the hippocampus
300
this neurotransmitter regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and anxiety.
What is serotonin
300
Cutting the brain horizontally, this plane divides it into top and bottom halves
What is the transverse (or axial plane)
400
After discovering mentally ill women caged in an unheated Massachusetts prison in 1841, this former schoolteacher spent decades submitting detailed reports to state legislatures to build America's first public psychiatric hospitals.
Who is Dorothea Dix
400
His humanistic pyramid theory states that clients cannot focus on emotional healing until basic safety, physical, and social needs are met first.
Who is Abraham Maslow
400
Located above the brainstem, this structure acts as a relay station by routing incoming sensory signals to the correct areas of the brain.
What is the thalamus
400
These specialized nerve cell structures project away from the cell body to receive incoming chemical signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites
400
CT and standard MRI scans check the physical shape, tissue, and anatomy of the brain, which is why they are called [blank] imaging.
What is structural
500
He changed psychiatric diagnosis by grouping mental disorders by their biological causes and long-term outcomes instead of just temporary symptoms.
Who is Emil Kraepelin
500
This behaviorist showed that actions are shaped by rewards, proving that nonverbal cues like head nods act as positive reinforcement in therapy.
Who is B.F. Skinner
500
This region maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and controlling hormone release for the fight-or-flight response
What is the hypothalamus
500
This long, tail-like extension of a neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body toward the next nerve cell.
What is an axon
500
Scans like fMRIs and PETs measure brain activity while tasks are being performed; this general term describes this category of imaging.
What is functional imaging