Mind Games and Meaning
This Viennese physician called dreams the “royal road to the unconscious.”
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This psychologist founded Behaviorism in 1913.
Who is John B. Watson?
This Adlerian technique invites clients to behave as though they already possess a desired quality.
What is Acting As If?
Freud’s model of personality includes these three structures.
What are the id, ego, and superego?
These two psychologists developed Motivational Interviewing.
Who are William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick?
Victor Frankl’s logotherapy is built on three ideas: freedom of will, will to meaning, and this.
What is meaning in life?
This behaviorist coined “operant conditioning.”
Who is B.F. Skinner?
In Motivational Interviewing, highlighting the gap between goals and current actions is called this.
What is developing discrepancy?
In Adler’s birth order theory, this child is often seen as independent and peace-seeking.
Who is the middle child?
In Motivational Interviewing, this state means simultaneously wanting and not wanting something.
What is ambivalence?
In existential therapy, this emotion is viewed as a normal part of growth, not pathology.
What is anxiety?
Reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior is known as this process.
What is shaping?
Existential therapists encourage clients to focus on this temporal experience instead of the past.
What is the here-and-now?
Freud said sexual energy lies dormant during this psychosexual stage.
What is the latency stage?
According to Glasser’s Choice Theory, these five basic needs include survival, love, power, freedom, and this.
What is fun?
This humanistic concept refers to living in harmony with one’s true self, without defensiveness.
What is being a fully functioning person?
This form of reinforcement removes something unpleasant to increase a behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), this Socratic method of questioning helps clients challenge distorted thoughts through dialogue.
What is guided discovery (or Socratic questioning)?
Aaron Beck developed CBT, emphasizing change in these internal mental patterns.
What are thoughts or schemas?
Reality Therapy’s “W” in WDEP stands for this.
What are "wants"?
Rogers argued that when a person’s self-image and experience don’t match, they experience this.
What is incongruence?
Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an unwanted behavior is known as this aversive intervention.
What is covert sensitization?
In Solution-Focused Therapy, counselors often ask this type of question to help clients recall when their problem was less intense or absent.
What are exception questions?
In REBT, irrational “shoulds” and “musts” are called this.
What are absolutist demands?
In Reality Therapy, clients are encouraged to evaluate whether their current actions are helping them get what they want — a process known as this.
What is self-evaluation?