Statistics
What percentage of attacks are domestic?
90%
What is Deterrence Theory?
Focuses on the threat of legal punishment and how it influences behavior.
Why is most terrorism domestic?
no language barriers, convenient access to targets,and knowledge of the local area.
What is Tragectory Analysis?
A group-based longitudinal approach to predicting the trajectory and frequencies of activities of terroristic groups.
What are terrorists constrained by?
Goegraphic Location
From 1970-2004, how many fatal attacks have happened against the US?
6 fatal attacks
What is Rational Choice Theory?
Focuses on the thought process when committing a crime and weighing the benefits against the costs.
What makes the 9/11 attacks unique?
A foreign land with incredibly high casualties and the ability to not need to use locals, but highly trained foreign operatives.
What are the challenges of trajectory analysis when used on terrorism?
When applied to terror groups, trajectory analysis may not be as meaningful due to unstable membership and ideology.
True or False: Terrorist attacks are easily repeated.
False
The 1980's were responsible for what percentage of all terroristic attacks?
56%
What Routine Activities Theory?
Focuses on reducing opportunities to commit crimes.
Why does terrorism operate in waves?
Because of outside factors, including political and economic factors.
How was trajectory analysis most commonly used?
To examine the life courses of individuals as units of analysis.
Where are terrorists most likely to attack?
local locations
What percentage of all non-US attacks occurred in the 1980s?
85%
What is a Positivist Perspective?
Studies what factors increase the likelihood that people will commit crimes, focusing on the "why."
What social and political forces are creating boom and bust trends seen in the 1970s to the present? Name 3
Modernization, democratization, globalization, industrialization, economic trends, or even regional or country-level forces such as unemployment or political transition.
According to LaFree at al, what criminological theory is trajectory analysis most closely related to?
Routine Activites Theory
What decades were terrorist attack most frequent?
1970's and 1980's
From 1970-2004, what percentage of all attacks of these nominally anti-US groups were actually directed against the United States?
3.4%
What are the criteria of a good criminological theory?
Must be falsified, establish causation, have theoretical rationale, time sequence, and absence of spuriousness.
How are counter terrorism strategies similar to criminological strategies?
Terrorism involves violence, fear, property destruction, and the state's response (or lack thereof) to issues which have been central to the study of criminology and criminal justice.
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How is the "crime terror nexus" used to prevent terrorism?
The use of local law enforcement to study parallel and precursor crime.
In the article titled "Applying Crime Theory to Terrorism Research," what are the 4 conclusions Lesly Kennedy came up with.
1. Terrorism is local
2. Terrorism operates in waves
3. Terrorism can be prevented
4. Terrorism has elements of risk that can be calculated and can influence whether or not incidents take place.