Electricity and Magnetism
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom and what is the charge of each one?
Proton (Positive), Neutron (Neutral), Electron (Negative)
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?
Biotic: the parts of a habitat that are living
Abiotic: the nonliving parts of an organism's habitat
Explain the water cycle (don't just list the three stages)
Liquid water on earth's surface evaporates into water vapor. As it rises in the atmosphere, it cools and condenses into small droplets. When those droplets get too heavy, they fall back to earth as precipitation.
What is a pioneer species? What are two examples in primary succession?
The first species to populate an area, like moss and lichen
What is the significance of the Industrial Revolution for human population and why?
The Industrial Revolution contributed to a significant population increase due to advancements in technology, transportation, public health, and living standards.
What is a magnet?
A ferromagnetic object that has a positive side and a negative side
Bonus question for everyone: what are the three ferromagnetic metals? (100 pts)
What is ecology?
The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environments
Identify and define the three roles that organisms can take in the energy flow of an ecosystem
Producers are organisms that can make their own food, typically by using energy from the sun to perform photosynthesis. Consumers are organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms. Decomposers are organisms that break down biotic wastes and dead organisms, returning raw materials to an ecosystem.
What are invasive species?
A non-native species in a habitat (whose presence could negatively affect native species)
What does birth rate measure?
The number of births per 1000 individuals over a certain period of time (like a year)
What is an electric force?
The push or pull between charged particles or objects
What is the difference between an organism, a population, and a community?
Organism: a living thing
Population: a number of the same organism living in a particular area
Community: multiple populations living in a particular area
Identify and define the four classifications of consumers
Herbivores eat plants, Carnivores eat animals, Scavengers eat carcasses, Omnivores eat both plants and animals
What is a keystone species?
A species that influences the survival of a disproportionate number of species in an ecosystem
What is exponential growth?
What is static electricity?
The build up of charge on an object
What is the difference between a habitat and an ecosystem?
Habitat: the place where an organism lives that provides all its necessary resources
Ecosystem: an area made of a community of populations and various abiotic factors
Explain the carbon cycle (including the role of plants and animals) and the corresponding oxygen cycle
CO2 is taken in by plants from the air and used to produce glucose through photosynthesis. Oxygen is released as a byproduct. Animals eat plants and take in the carbon and breathe in oxygen. CO2 is the byproduct of animal respiration, returning it to the air.
What is biodiversity?
The number and variety of different species in an area
What is conservation?
The practice of using less resources so that they can last longer.
Explain the difference between conductors and insulators.
Conductors allow for electrons to move more freely while insulators don't. Therefore, conductors can carry an electric charge better
What are the five types of interactions between organisms?
Competition, Predation, Commensalism, Mutualism, and Parasitism
Bonus Question for everyone: define one of them (100 pts)
Explain the nitrogen cycle (including the roles of bacteria, plants/animals, and decomposers).
Free nitrogen (N2) is absorbed into soil where bacteria fixes it into compounds that plants can use to build proteins. Animals receive the nitrogen by eating the plants. When plants and animals die, decomposers return the nitrogen to the soil where bacteria either fixes it or breaks down the compounds back into free nitrogen, returning it to the air.
What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession?
Primary succession: A series of changes that occur in a area where no soil or organisms exist
Secondary succession: Changes that occur in an area that has been disturbed but where there is still soil and organisms
What is sustainable use?
Using resources in ways that maintain them so that they are not depleted.