What is the primary role of an ophthalmologist?
The primary role of an ophthalmologist is to diagnose and treat all eye diseases, perform eye surgery, and prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct vision problems
Name the three main shapes of bacteria.
The three main shapes of bacteria are cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral-shaped).
What are the four fundamental principles of medical ethics?
The four fundamental principles of medical ethics are:
What does the combining form "ocul/o" mean?
eye
What are the three ways drugs can be identified?
Drugs can be identified by their:
How does the role of an optometrist differ from that of an ophthalmologist?
Optometrists primarily perform eye exams, vision tests, prescribe corrective lenses, detect certain eye abnormalities, and prescribe medications for some eye diseases. Unlike ophthalmologists, they are not medical doctors and cannot perform eye surgery
What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in terms of Gram staining?
Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye and appear purple under a microscope, while gram-negative bacteria do not retain the dye and appear pink.
How does the principle of beneficence apply to allied ophthalmic personnel?
The principle of beneficence applies to allied ophthalmic personnel by requiring them to act in the best interest of patients, promoting their well-being and health.
What does the suffix "-opia" refer to?
a vision condition
How do cholinergic agents affect pupil size?
Cholinergic agents cause pupil constriction (miosis).
What are the three main levels of certification offered by IJCAHPO?
Certified Ophthalmic Assistant, Certified Ophthalmic Technician, Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist
List three of the eye's natural defense mechanisms against infections.
Three of the eye's natural defense mechanisms against infections include:
What are the key elements of informed consent?
Key elements of informed consent include:
What is the combining form for "pupil"?
cor/o
What is a common side effect of adrenergic agents on heart rate?
A common side effect of adrenergic agents on heart rate is tachycardia (increased heart rate).
Explain the difference between CE-based recertification and re-examination for IJCAHPO certifications.
IJCAHPO offers two main pathways for recertification: CE-based recertification and re-examination.
CE-based recertification requires certificants to earn a specific number of continuing education credits within their 36-month certification cycle. These credits must be relevant to ophthalmology and can be obtained through various approved activities such as attending lectures, workshops, or completing online courses.
Re-examination, on the other hand, allows individuals to retest at their most recent level of certification instead of earning CE credits. This option involves taking the multiple-choice examination for their certification level. For COT and COMT certificants, only the multiple-choice exam is required, not the practical examination(s)
Explain the process of common-vehicle transmission and provide an example relevant to ophthalmology.
Common-vehicle transmission refers to the spread of infectious agents through a contaminated source that can affect multiple individuals. In this process, a single vehicle, such as food, water, medication, or medical equipment, becomes contaminated and subsequently transmits the pathogen to multiple hosts.
In ophthalmology, a relevant example of common-vehicle transmission could involve contaminated eye drops or contact lens solutions. If a multi-dose eye drop bottle becomes contaminated with bacteria or fungi, it can potentially infect multiple patients who use the same bottle. This scenario is particularly concerning in clinical settings where the same eye drop bottle might be used for multiple patients.
Another example in ophthalmology could be the use of improperly sterilized diagnostic equipment, such as tonometers used to measure intraocular pressure. If not properly disinfected between patients, these instruments could potentially transmit infections like viral conjunctivitis or even more serious pathogens.
To prevent common-vehicle transmission in ophthalmology practices, strict adherence to hygiene protocols, proper sterilization of equipment, and the use of single-dose eye drop vials when possible are crucial preventive measures
Explain how the principle of justice can be applied in an ophthalmology clinic setting.
The principle of justice in medical ethics can be applied in an ophthalmology clinic setting in several ways:
What does the combining form "phot/o" represent?
light
Explain the mechanism of action of anticholinesterase inhibitors.
Anticholinesterase inhibitors, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the activity of the enzyme cholinesterase. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in transmitting signals in the nervous system.
Anticholinesterase inhibitors are commonly used as miotic agents in the treatment of glaucoma, particularly open-angle and secondary glaucoma. They help manage intraocular pressure by enhancing aqueous humor outflow through their effects on ocular muscles
What are the requirements for CE-based recertification with IJCAHPO?
Credential Total IJCAHPO Credits Required COA & CCOA 18 COT 27 COMT 36
Describe the challenges associated with treating Acanthamoeba infections in the eye.
Treating Acanthamoeba infections in the eye, particularly Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), presents several significant challenges:
Describe the ethical considerations involved in respecting patient autonomy when a patient refuses recommended treatment.
Respecting patient autonomy when a patient refuses recommended treatment involves several ethical considerations:
Define -tropia and identify if it's a prefix, root, combining form, or suffix
To turn, suffix
Describe the differences between topical and systemic administration of ocular drugs, including their advantages and disadvantages.
Topical Administration
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Systemic Administration
Advantages:
Disadvantages: