Pretrial Procedures
What is the required level of proof for an officer to make an arrest without a warrant?
What is probable cause
Testimony from a witness about evidence provided by someone else is called what?
What is hearsay.
Which justification views punishment as a means to repair the harm and injury caused by the crime?
What is restorative justice.
What is the term used by the appellate court when upholding a lower court's decision?
What is affirm.
Which of the following sentences is typically avoided if possible for those convicted in homeless courts?
What is prison terms.
What amendment requires the federal government to take a criminal case forward by means of a grand jury indictment?
What is the 5th amendment
What is an example of an indirect form of evidence?
What is any evidence that requires additional inferences to be drawn to get to the conclusions the evidence is trying to demonstrate. (ex. fingerprints on a knife is indirect evidence of murdering the victim)
Making the punishment equal to the harm caused by the offender is the primary consideration in which approach to punishment?
What is retribution.
What document is issued if the US Supreme Court decides to hear a case?
What is a writ of certiorari.
Community Courts are typically located in what kind of area?
What is neighborhoods instead of downtown core.
What is the plea called when the defendant does not contest the charge(s), but still moves forward with the next steps of the process?
What is nolo contendre
What hypothesis suggests that when the evidence is ambiguous, jurors feel freed from the constraints imposed by the law and therefore may take legally irrelevant factors into consideration?
What is the liberation hypothesis.
In most jurisdictions, sentences of less than 1 year are served where?
What is the local jail.
What keeps prosecutors from appealing a not guilty verdict?
What is the double jeopardy clause.
Domestic Violence courts focus almost entirely on what?
What is safety of the victims.
What is the pretrial motion that requests one side to provide evidence to the other side called?
What is a motion for discovery
Tangible evidence used a trial such as documents and fingerprints are known as what type of evidence?
What is real evidence
What is determinate sentencing.
What is 4 - the 'rule of four'.
What specialized court focuses not on adjudication of new offenses, but instead on helping offenders integrate back into the community upon release?
What is reentry court.
What are the 3 major factors that influence prosecutor's plea bargaining decisions?
What is the strength of evidence, the seriousness of the offense, and the criminal record of the defendant.
What is the current standard used to determine the competency of evidence admitted in federal trials?
What is the Daubert standard.
What sentence is the primary alternative to incarceration?
What is probation.
What kind of information does an appellate court judge use to make a decision?
What is oral arguments by attorneys (and other briefs filed to the court)
What principle of addressing harm and bringing the offender/victim/community back together is embraced by many problem-solving courts?
What is restorative justice.