Federal Courts
Civil Liberties
Civil Liberties CTD
Civil Rights
Civil Rights CTD
100
Plaintiff/Petitioner: The party that begins the case by filing a “complaint” In a criminal case, the plaintiff is the government, and is called the “prosecution” Defendant/Respondent: The respondent in a case In the name of the case (Brown v Board of Education) the name of the plaintiff is first and the defendant is second. Morales Term: The two parties involved in the case
What are litigants?
100
The legal constitutional protections against the government…our liberties (freedoms) protected by the Bill of Rights
What is Civil Liberties
100
This clause Prohibits Congress from making laws establishing any religion. "Separation between church and state" While this clause guarantees the freedom to practice or not practice any religion Both clauses under the _______ amendment
What is the Establishment Clause & Free Exercise Clause 1st Amendment
100
Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals
What is Civil Rights
100
Made racial discrimination illegal in hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodation
What is Civil Rights Act of 1964
200
The requirements that the plaintiff have serious interest in the dispute that is the subject of the case A person has ground to "stand on"
What is Standing to Sue
200
Landmark case that established the Supreme Court's right to rule on constitutional questions (Judiciary Act of 1789). Under John Marshall’s Court, the decision expanded the power of the Supreme Court by giving them “judicial review” (power of the courts to review laws and rule on a law’s constitutionality)
What is Marbury v Madison
200
: a government preventing material from being published; censorship; unconstitutional The Constitution forbids “_________” which is government censorship of the press
What is Prior Restraint?
200
In this case the courts found that Slaves had no rights.; not citizens Invalidated Missouri Compromise Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories
What is Dred Scott v Sanford
200
a policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment of members of some previously disadvantaged group
What is Affirmative Action
300
Cases in which one or more individuals represent (as plaintiffs or defendants) a group of persons similarly situated. Morales: When one person(representing many other people in the same situation) sues a larger entity
What is Class Action Suit
300
The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution's Bill of Rights restricts only the powers of the federal government and not those of the state governments in 1833 This supreme court case was overturned by Gitlow v. New York
What is Barron v Baltimore
300
the publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone’s reputation the same thing, only spoken instead of printed
What is Libel & Slander
300
This case Upheld the constitutionality of “separate but equal accommodations” Justified racial segregation
What is Plessy v Ferguson
300
This act required employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for those with disabilities Prohibits employment discrimination against the disabled
What is Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
400
The rule that a certain number of judges must vote to hear a case in the Supreme Court for it to be put on the docket
What is the Rule of Four
400
State and federal citizenship for all persons regardless of race both born or naturalized in the United States was reaffirmed. No state would be allowed to abridge the "privileges and immunities" of citizens . No person was allowed to be deprived of life, liberty, or property without "due process of law.” all of these are clauses from the ________ amendment
What is the 14th amendment
400
In this case The Courts held that students were entitled to the protection of the 1st Amendment (freedom of speech (including symbolic) unless that speech disrupted the learning process.
What is Tinker v Des Moines
400
________ racial segregation forced by law; no such thing today _________ discrimination not by law (blacks in back of bus/separate but equal)
What is De jure segregation and De Facto segregation
400
____________helped end formal and informal barriers to voting
What is Voting Rights Act of 1965
500
The majority of the justices of the Supreme Court write the _________________; there may also be concurring _____ and dissenting ______; all may have an influence on subsequent rulings.
What is opinion of the court or Opinions
500
First Case of Selective Incorporation- Incorporating Bill of Rights into States Rights Established precedent (example to be followed on similar cases in the future) on incorporating the Bill of Rights (applying them to the states instead of just the federal government) Morales: basically that ALL states had to follow the Bill of Rights even if they didn't wanna
What is Gitlow v New York
500
___________includes the right to protest, picket, or hold a demonstration.
What is Freedom of assembly
500
This SC case Overturned Plessy v Ferguson School segregation inherently unconstitutional Integrate schools “with all deliberate speed”
What is Brown v Board of Education
500
In this case it was decided Universities can not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups Race could be considered in admissions but not sole criterion
What is Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
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