HUMANISM
What are the three technical innovations that furthered “humanism”?
*A mechanical roasting spit, the compass, Galenic medicine
*Gunpowder, the compass, the printing press
*The aristocrats’ family private dining room, saffron, the printing press
Gunpowder, the compass, the printing press
Which of these new food items arrived in Europe from the Americas owing to advances in travel technologies?
sugar coffee the tomato
the tomato
True or false
Already early on, Europeans adopted Arabic dishes flavored with sugar.
TRUE
What happened in dining toward the end of the 1700s?
*An even more expansive and intensive use of spices.
*An increasing interest in the intrinsic flavors of foods themselves.
*A move toward eating exclusively indigenous foods in colonial plantation manors.
An increasing interest in the intrinsic flavors of foods themselves.
True or false?
Europeans did not accept non-European foods or the foods of their enemies.
FALSE
True or false
All new international food items were quickly adopted to European cuisines.
FALSE
Only a few were adapted quickly.
What spice (ingredient) was used for yellow, golden color in Renaissance cooking?
Saffron
True or false?
In Europe, coffee, tea, and chocolate were consumed in the same manner as in their original cultures.
FALSE
Sugar was added
What medicine operated with the concepts of humors (fluids)?
Galenic medicine.
How did Humanism regard innovations, especially new social customs?
*As welcome additions to European lifestyles
*As important topics in art and philosophy
*As dangerous threats to the social order
As dangerous threats to the social order
The first Europeans who supported the consumption of coffee and tobacco were…
*aristocrats
*scientists
*priests
Scientists
What was the difference between the first modern cookbook and the ones before it? (Think of what it focused on, what is was mainly about.)
RECIPES
Dietary criteria were no longer included, only cooking instructions.
What was the MAIN focus of Renaissance cookbooks?
*desserts
*dietary advice and philosophy
*the introduction of silverware
dietary advice and philosophy
Why was the consumption of coffee valued over that of alcoholic beverages?
Sobriety
Coffee promoted sobriety and civilized interactions instead of drunken arguments and brawls.
What taste was separated into its components, as we know them today, in the Renaissance?
salty-sweet
salty-bitter
sweet-sour
salty and sweet
Which of these were results of the emergence of modern cooking? (Choose all that fit)
*A new cooking vocabulary
*The introduction of Arabic cooking in Europe.
*A new literary field: printed cookbooks
*Cooking as a competitive field.
*A new cooking vocabulary
*A new literary field: printed cookbooks
*Cooking as a competitive field
Despite increasing internationalization, Renaissance views about food became increasingly…
… broader
…. more scientific
…. more nationalistic
more nationalistic
What economic system led to the explosion of sugar production and consumption in Europe in the 1600s?
slavery
What new profession emerged as a result of the invention of the “dessert”?
the confectioner
What was the legal difference in the relationships of feudal lords and their peasants/serfs and of colonial planters and their slaves?
Mutual dependence (feudal) vs property (slave owners)