KE, PE, or Both?
A roller coaster cart sitting still at the top of a hill contains energy of this caliber.
What is potential energy?
This is the location within a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
What is the thylakoid membrane?
(Or just thylakoid)
This is the location within a chloroplast where the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis occur.
What is the stroma?
This is the location within a mitochondrion where the reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle occur during cellular respiration.
What is the matrix?
This molecule is used to carry chemical energy for use in cellular work.
What is ATP?
(Adenosine triphosphate)
A rubber duck dropped from the Empire State Building _just_ before it hits the sidewalk contains energy of this caliber.
What is kinetic energy?
When sunlight hits a photosystem, this is what initially absorbs the energy.
What is a pigment?
(Or chlorophyll)
All of the carbon atoms in the glucose produced by the Calvin Cycle come from this molecule.
What is CO2?
This is the location within a mitochondrion where the reactions of the Electron Transport Chain occur during cellular respiration.
What is the inner membrane?
The creation of this molecule is the overall purpose of photosynthesis...at least, as far as a plant is concerned.
What is sugar?
(Or glucose)
A golden Oreo cookie sitting peacefully (and deliciously) on a Biology teacher's desk contains energy of this caliber.
What is potential energy?
(Or chemical potential energy)
The ATP synthase present near the end of the Electron Transport Chain uses this type of molecular transport to allow hydrogen ions to cross the thylakoid membrane with their natural gradient.
What is passive transport?
The molecule CO2 initially enters a plant via a pore, which is called this.
What is a stomata?
The hydrogen ion transports in the Electron Transport Chain are a example of active transport, which pump ions from one side of a membrane to the other in this direction relative to their natural gradient.
What is against the natural gradient?
The random motion associated with molecules is also known as this.
What is heat?
A golden Oreo cookie thrown gently (and deliciously) towards a hopeful Biology teacher contains energy of this caliber.
What are kinetic and potential energy?
When electrons are energetically excited by sunlight energy in Photosystem II, they enter a series of proteins inserted into the thylakoid membrane, which are known as this.
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
(Or ETC)
This is the number of carbon dioxide molecules necessary to create one glucose molecule via the Calvin Cycle.
What is 6?
Oxygen is required in this specific stage of cellular respiration.
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
If one were able to eliminate RuBisCO from every cell in a plant, this specific stage of photosynthesis would never work.
What is the Calvin Cycle? (Specifically the Fixation phase of the Calvin Cycle)
(Also, the Dark reactions or Light-Independent reactions)
A spacecraft just after liftoff from the launch pad contains energy of this caliber.
What are kinetic and potential energy?
After electrons are transferred through the entire Electron Transport Chain, this molecule is the last stop for them.
What is NADPH?
This is the molecule created at the end of the Regeneration Phase of the Calvin Cycle.
What is RuBisCO?
The pyruvate molecules which are products of glycolysis combine with this molecule shortly before entering the Citric Acid Cycle.
What is Coenzyme A?
In 1982, a batch of Tylenol bottles containing cyanide ultimately killed seven people in Chicago. The cause of death was determined to be a sudden inability to process oxygen in the mitochondria of cells exposed to cyanide, which means this specific stage of cellular respiration had been interrupted.
What is the Electron Transport Chain?