Earth's Formation & Plate Tectonics
An inner layer of the Earth below the crust. It takes up 80% of Earth's volume.
What is the Mantle?
A mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another.
What is a solution?
These igneous rocks are ejected above the surface to cool quickly, resulting in a fine grained texture, or a lack of crystal growth.
What are Extrusive igneous rocks?
This volcano looks like a flattened mound. The biggest volcano in the world (Mauna Loa) is this type of volcano.
What is a Shield Volcano?
Sub-surface channels of flowing lava that is drained out of a tube - tend to have a cursed tube-like appearance.
What is a Lava Tube?
A _____________ occurs when two plates push towards each other.
What is a convergent boundary?
The process by which atoms, ions, or molecules are structured in a regular, repeating and geometrical arrangement.
What is Crystalization?
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, & cementation are all processes that make __________ rocks.
What are Sedimentary rocks?
This state of activity means a volcano hasn't erupted in over 10,000 years, but still has the potential to do so again in the future.
What is Dormant?
_________ features (speleothems) include stalactites and stalagmites which could join together and make a column.
What is a Dripstone?
This geological structure forms at subduction zones when formed magma rises up to the Earth's surface and builds up in chambers.
What is a Volcano?
This process for modern mines is the rehabilitation of the land during and after the mining operation is completed, returning the land to useful purposes.
What is Reclamation?
Metamorphic rocks are formed by other igneous or sedimentary rock put under high heat and _______.
What is Pressure?
This extinction event happened in between the Permian and the Triassic periods.
What is the Great Dying?
This Karst Topography feature is formed by groundwater slowly dissolving bedrock underneath the surface accompanied by collapse.
What are Sinkholes?
P-waves can pass through solids, liquids, and gases, but S-waves can only pass through ________.
What are solids?
Aggregate of a mineral in an unusually high concentration.
What is a Mineral Deposit?
When molten rock slowly cools within the Earth, the crystal formation in the rock becomes (Larger/Smaller)
Larger
This period of time what when all of the dinosaurs went completely extinct.
What is the Cretaceous period?
Also referred to as "Breakdown caves", this type of cave forms from rockslides and rockfalls that form spacious chambers due to their irregular shapes.
What are Talus Caves?
This part of Earth generates its magnetic field.
What is the Earth's core?
Halite, a mineral, is called something else. It's quite common, and I'd be surprised if you didn't have this in your house.
What is table salt (NaCl)?
A coarse-grained texture, or ________, is given to Intrusive igneous rocks that have gotten a larger growth in crystals.
What is a Phaneritic texture?
A high content of this substance in volcanoes make it more likely to be explosive with its eruptions.
What is Water?
This type of cave forms from natural cracks in rocks due to earthquakes. The passages into the cave is usually narrow but can plummet hundreds of feel below the surface.
What are Tectonic Caves?