Chapter 1: The Rise OF civilizations
The key discovery of fire was so important because…
It offered protection, warmth, and a new way to consume food
The ancient Egyptians believed in how many gods?
Many/Multiple (Polytheism)
What did Homer write?
The Iliad and Odyssey
What two groups influenced the Romans
Greeks and Etruscans
Why were people allowed to stop their nomadic lifestyle at the end of the last Ice Age?
Systematic Agriculture
Why was “Lower Egypt” north of “Upper Egypt”?
The Nile flows from the South to the North
What is the main difference between Sparta and Athens?
Sparta - Mainly focused on war and military
Athens - Mainly focused on the arts, freedom and democracy
How did the Romans become the masters of the Mediterranean?
They fought in the Punic wars to gain control over the western Mediterranean and fought the Hellenistic cities to gain control of the eastern Mediterranean
The Fertile Crescent is known for…(3 things)
Annual floods, fertile soil, and an abundance of crops
What was the lasting influence of the Israelites?
Their monotheistic religion influenced Christianity and Islam
How were the Greeks able to defeat the Persians?
The Greek city-states were independent of one another but put their differences aside to come together and defeat the Persians
What was the basic social unit of the early Roman Empire?
The paterfamilias or the Roman family
What were the two rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates River
What written language did the Egyptians use for everyday purposes?
Hieratic script
What geographical barrier physically restricted the expansion of Alexander’s Empire? (1 main thing...not India)
Mountains
Who was Marius and what did he do?
Marius was a general who became a consul who changed the recruiting system for the Roman military; shifting to the landless poor rather than the small farmer
The discovery of metal was so important because…
It gave people more control over their environment
What were the major contributions/achievements of the Egyptians? (4 Things...need all 4)
Pyramids
365-day calendar
Mathematical achievements
Temples
How can the Dark Ages in Ancient Greece be characterized?
The decline in food production and population
Which is the correct, chronological order of events that transformed Rome from a Republic to an Empire?
(6 events)
Farmers lost their land, the Seizure of power by the army, First Triumvirate led to civil war, Caesar is named dictator for life and is assassinated, Second Triumvirate led to Civil War, and Octavian becomes emperor