Chapter 01
Turbinates
What structures is responsible for substantially increasing the surface area of the nasal cavity?
Pleural effusion
What is the term that describes the presence of fluid in the pleural space caused by disease?
159 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air?
3% is
What reduction in cerebral blood flow is anticipated for every 1 mm Hg acute reduction in PaCO2?
Maintaining nerve-impulse transmission
What are the important functions of sodium, potassium, and chloride?
Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar with mucous-secreting glands
What type of epithelium covers the posterior two thirds of the nasal mucosa?
That systemic arterial blood can never have the same partial pressure of oxygen as the alveolar gas.
What best describes the impact of anatomical shunt?
47 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of water vapor at 37°C and 100% relative humidity (RH)?
Stop further inspiration
What is stimulated, the stretch receptors will have which of the following effects on respiration?
ATP is?
What is required for active transport across the cell membrane?
Humidification, heating, filtering
What are the main functions of the nose?
Autonomic nervous system
What is source of nervous system innervation for the lung?
VT × f
VE is the product of which of the following parameters?
Head’s reflex
What is involved in periodic deep sighs and stimulating the first breaths of a newborn baby?
Secondary active secretion of H+ and K+ ions
What are important mechanisms for Na+ reabsorption?
Particles >5 µm
What size particles do not gain entry to the lower airways due to the filtering capacity of the nose
epinephrine.
What is substance responsible for the only natural mechanism for sympathetic bronchodilation in humans is:
Hypercapnia
What term describes the rise in PaCO2 above normal?
Bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and airway suctioning
What procedures may elicit vagovagal reflexes?
Insulin
What stimulates potassium uptake by the cells?
Laryngeal and pharyngeal Spasms
What two reflexes are responsible for preventing aspiration of foreign material into the lungs?
Increased production and viscosity
parasympathetic stimulation, happens to airway secretions?
200 mL
What is the amount of CO2 produced under normal resting conditions?
Pneumonia
What conditions produce the strongest stimulation of the J-receptors?
65% filtrated.
What percentage of the potassium in the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood in the proximal tubules?