Human Growth & Development
Who proposed the stages of cognitive development (sensorimotor → formal operational)?
Jean Piaget
What term refers to an individual’s belief that their culture is superior?
Ethnocentrism
Who founded Person-Centered Therapy?
Carl Rogers
Who identified the stages of group development (forming → adjourning)?
Bruce Tuckman
Who developed the Holland Codes (RIASEC)?
John Holland
What does reliability in testing refer to?
Consistency of measurement
In research, the group that does not receive the treatment is called the what?
Control group
What ethical code is most widely used by counselors in the U.S.?
ACA Code of Ethics
Which theorist created the psychosocial stages of development?
Erik Erikson
Which model explains minority identity development in stages (conformity → integration)?
Cross’s Nigrescence Model
Which technique is central in Gestalt therapy (e.g., empty chair)?
Role-playing / Experiential techniques
Who is often considered the “father of group psychotherapy”?
Jacob Moreno
Which theorist emphasized life-span and life-space in career development?
Donald Super
Which type of validity refers to whether a test measures what it claims to measure?
Construct validity
Which research design examines people at one point in time?
Cross-sectional
What 1976 court case established “duty to warn”?
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
According to Freud, which personality structure operates on the pleasure principle?
Id
The belief that one can hold multiple identities (e.g., race, gender, class) is called what?
Intersectionality
Which CBT pioneer emphasized automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions?
Aaron Beck
What type of group focuses on growth and support rather than remediation?
Psychoeducational group
Which theory emphasizes learning and happenstance in career paths?
John Krumboltz
What’s the average score (mean) and standard deviation of IQ tests?
Mean = 100; SD = 15
What type of error occurs when a researcher rejects a true null hypothesis?
Type I error
What term describes working within one’s area of expertise/training?
Scope of competence
In attachment theory, which style is characterized by anxiety about abandonment?
Anxious/ambivalent attachment
Who coined the term “microaggressions”?
Derald Wing Sue
Which therapist developed REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)?
Albert Ellis
Yalom identified 11 “curative factors” of group therapy. Name one.
(Examples: universality, altruism, cohesion, interpersonal learning…)
The DOT and O*NET are resources for what type of counseling?
Career counseling / occupational information
What’s the term for a test developed for one culture but applied to another?
Cultural bias
What type of research seeks to understand lived experiences through narrative?
Qualitative / Phenomenological research
Which ethical principle emphasizes doing no harm?
Nonmaleficence
Who developed the stages of moral development (preconventional, conventional, postconventional)?
Lawrence Kohlberg
In counseling, what’s the term for adapting interventions to a client’s cultural worldview?
Cultural competence
In motivational interviewing, OARS stands for:
Open questions, Affirmations, Reflections, Summaries
Which theorist emphasized family systems and triangulation in groups?
Murray Bowen
According to Holland, what personality type values creativity and unstructured tasks?
Artistic
Which statistical measure indicates how much of a score is due to error?
Standard error of measurement (SEM)
In program evaluation, what type of evaluation measures outcomes after completion?
Summative evaluation
When counseling minors, informed consent is typically given by whom?
Parents or legal guardians (assent from the child)