Study Design
Researchers classify workers as exposed or unexposed to silica and then follow them to see who develops disease.
Cohort study
The first recognized case of a disease or outbreak identified by investigators.
Index case
This level of prevention attempts to minimize the severity or damage from an event that has already occurred.
Secondary prevention
Often called the "basic science" of public health, this field identifies disease patterns, risk factors, and causes within populations.
Epidemiology
This perspective treats basic housing, education, healthcare, employment, and minimum income as fundamental rights.
Social Justice
Participants are randomly assigned to an intervention or comparison group in this study design.
Randomized controlled trial
A contaminated object that can transmit an infectious organism is known by this term.
Fomite
Vaccination to prevent an infectious disease is an example of this level of prevention.
Primary prevention
This public health science focuses on statistical concepts and calculations.
Biostatistics
Food safety, drug approval, vaccine regulation, medical devices, and cosmetics fall under this federal agency.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
A researcher compares state-level obesity rates with state-level diabetes rates.
Ecological study
The routes of exposure which an infectious organism leaves and enters a host.
Portal of Entry and Portal of Exit
This level of prevention seeks to minimize disability through medical care and rehabilitation.
Tertiary prevention
Preventing harmful exposures through water, air, and food is a major concern of this public health field.
Environmental health
Seatbelt laws, motorcycle helmet requirements, and vaccination requirements can raise debates involving this principle.
Individual liberty
This measure of association is commonly used in a case-control study.
Odds ratio
In the epidemiologic triad, this is the person or other living animal that provides lodging for an infectious agent.
Host
This concept describes a situation where individuals acting in their own interests can collectively damage a shared resource.
Tragedy of the Commons
This field includes the administration and functioning of the public health system.
Health policy and management
Public health tends to ask whether a behavior increases or reduces disease and injury, while this perspective asks whether the behavior is right or wrong.
Moralism
This procedure helps reduce the effect that participant or researcher expectations may have on study results.
Blinding
This represents the place or setting where disease-causing agents can live or survive.
Environment
This federal agency tracks diseases and health conditions, investigates outbreaks, analyzes public health data, and recommends prevention strategies.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
This field helps public health professionals understand how and why population groups differ and addresses harmful or unhealthy behaviors.
Social and behavioral sciences
This federal agency sets and enforces workplace safety standards, including permissible exposure limits.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)