Public Health in Action
Restaurant inspections are primarily carried out at this level.
Local health department/local government
Safe drinking water, vaccinations, food safety, air-pollution control, and disease surveillance are examples of problems that often require this rather than individuals acting alone
Government/public health action
Immunity resulting from receiving antibodies from another source.
Passive Immunity
Participants are selected in a way that makes the study groups systematically different from the intended population.
Selection bias
This measure of association is commonly used in a cohort study.
Relative Risk (Risk Ratio)
Natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and acts of terrorism are three examples of situations requiring this area of public health practice.
Emergency preparedness and response
This type of government authority allows individual freedoms to be limited when necessary to protect population health.
Police powers
When enough people in a population are immune that transmission is reduced, indirectly protecting some people who are not immune.
Herd immunity
People with a disease remember previous exposures more carefully than people without the disease.
Recall Bias
In this type of study, rearchers begin with people who have lung cancer and people who do not, then compare their previous smoking exposures.
Case-control study
Smoking bans, sugary drink taxes, and air-pollution regulations illustrate the movement from public health research to this.
Policy
Setting policies for local health agencies and coordinating their activities are responsibilities of this level.
State health department
Immunity produced by your own immune system following infection or vaccination.
Active immunity
A factor associated with both the exposure and the outcome that distorts their observed relationship.
Confounding
This concept involves providing resources according to need so that people have a fair opportunity for health.
Equity
List the two federal agencies that respond to a foodborne outbreak.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
This constitutional phrase is used as part of the basis for the federal government's role in public health.
Promote the general welfare
A person has TB bacteria in their body but does not feel sick and cannot spread TB to others.
Inactive TB infections
A relationship that appears to exist but is not a true relationship may be called this.
Spurious association
Operating an immunization clinic is an example of this core public health function.
Assurance
Collection of health statistics is listed as a responsibility of this level of government.
State government
Interstate commerce and taxing and spending powers fall primarily under this level of government.
Federal government
This number represents the average number of susceptible people one infected person is expected to infect under specified conditions.
R naught (R0)
A researcher observes that counties with higher incomes have lower mortality and concludes that every high-income individual has lower mortality.
Ecological fallacy
This perspective emphasizes individual responsibility, minimal obligation to the common good, and the freedom to be left alone.
Market Justice