Understand Data
Which type of data is an unbroken sequence of values that has a true zero point?
Ratio scale
Father of epidemiology, mapped cases of cholera in London in 1854.
John Snow
Sampling where the element selected is a group
Cluster
Which surveillance system has information on medical and dental examinations and laboratory tests?
National Health and Nutrition Examination Surve (NHANES)
What is the term to describe an observation that is not real, a false observation?
Spurious association
Which type of data has discrete separate values that can be counted?
Discrete
Physician and naval surgeon that conducted the first clinical trial, testing the effectiveness of treatments including oranges and lemons.
James Lind
◦People in the target population that could get the outcome of interest
Which surveillance system is conducted by phone interview by individual states? The information collected includes health risk behaviors, preventive health practices, and healthcare access.
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
This type of causality incorporates elements of randomness`
Probabilistic
Qualitative measure that orders or ranks the data is:
Ordinal data
First to use quantitative methods to describe population health.
John Graunt
Dynamic
What is a centralized database for collection of information about a disease?
Case registries
Measures the amount of variation of a value around the average
Standard deviation
This is a type of data visualization that uses bars but is used for continuous variables.
Histogram
Examined links between mortality rates & population density and created the concept of vital statitistics.
William Far
Increases & decreases in the frequency of disease or other phenomenon over a period of several years or within one yea
Cyclic/Seasonal trend
By legal statute, what must physicians and other healthcare providers report cases of?
Notifiable diseases
What measure expresses the unit size of a population in a rate?
Multiplier
This type of graph is often used to look at time trends.
Line graph
Studied effects of industrial metals and chemical compounds on the body, and was the first woman faculty hired at the Harvard Medical School.
Alice Hamilton
◦Characterizes the amount & distribution of health outcomes within a population
Descriptive Epidemiology
What system in the US collects information on major life events?
Vital registration system/ Vital statistics
This type of distribution has a symmetrical distribution.
Normal distribution