Section Review Questions
What was the loudest sound in recorded history?
Krakatoa's explotion
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma=Inside the Earth
Lava=Outside
volcano
an erupting vent through which molten rock reaches Earth's surface, or a mountain built from the products of an eruption
lava bombs
- blobs of glowing lava thrown from an explosive eruption.
silica
- an ingredient in magma and lava that makes them thick and sticky; quartz is a mineral made of silica.
True or False
Gabbro and Basalt have a high silica content
False
granite
- a light-colored igneous rock with large, visible quartz and feldspar crystals made from silica rich magma.
Magma
- underground melted rock.
Ring of Fire
- a region of Earth’s plate boundaries where oceanic crust is subducting under other plates.
basalt
- a dark-colored rock that is not silica-rich.
What is the main rock the continental plate made of?
Granite
igneous rocks
- rocks that are formed from magma or lava.
magma chamber
- a location where magma collects inside Earth.
volcanic island chain
- a series of volcanoes formed by a hot spot as a lithospheric plate moves over the hot spot.
hot spot
- the top of an established mantle plume.
Water combines with hot rock when a subducting plate sinks into the mantle. The combination of water and hot mantle rock has a lower melting temperature and the mantle rock melts, forming magma.
lahars
- a mudflow that results from a volcanic eruption.
lava
- magma that has reached and cooled on Earth's surface.
volcanic island
- a volcano that forms away from a plate boundary on an oceanic plate.
dormant volcano
- a volcano that is not erupting now, but that may erupt in the future.
Why are composite/stratovolcanoes so destructive
High gas and silica content. it blocks up the lava neck and eventually the pressure builds up and it explodes.
pyroclastic flow
- a destructive cloud of volcanic material that moves quickly down the side of a volcano after an explosive eruption
caldera
- the bowl-shaped vent of a volcano after it has erupted.
active volcano
- a volcano that is erupting or that has erupted recently.
extinct volcano
- a volcano that no longer erupts and is in the process of eroding.
a column of exploding material (extremely hot ash and gas) collapses, it races down the side of a composite volcano and a Lahar is a mudslide created by the eruption.
water cycle
- a set of processes energized by the Sun that keep water moving from place to place on Earth.
resurgent dome
- a mound in the vent of an erupted volcano.
shield volcano
- a flat and wide volcano that has low-silica magma with low or high levels of dissolved gas.
cinder cone
- a volcano that has low-silica magma with high levels of dissolved gas; these volcanoes produce “fire fountain” eruptions.
Where can you find blue lava (Extra points if you can tell me why its blue.)
Indonesia
Sulfur
Melted rock that cools quickly produces small crystals. Slow cooling produces larger crystals.
lava lake
- a lake that contains lava that has formed in a caldera.
volcanic neck
- solid remains of magma that filled the conduit of an extinct volcano. The neck is exposed as the volcano erodes.
composite volcano
- a tall, explosive, cone-shaped volcano formed by layers of silica-rich lava and ash.