Sticks and Sprays
List three advantages of using OC spray
Able to engage the threat at a greater distance
The effects are temporary
It is easy to use
Can potentially prevent physical confrontation
Can potentially prevent escalation of force
List three stopping powers of edged weapons
Psychological effect
Pain
Damage to major organs
Blood loss
Damage to the nervous system
Structural damage (muscles and tendons)
What are the seven key aspects of report writing? (5 W's + H)
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
What action was taken?
What are the five steps to manage excited delirium?
Identify
Control
Sedate
Transport
Document
What is an example of denial of responsibility?
“It wasn’t my fault”
“I didn’t mean to, I was drunk”
What are the three advantages of using a baton?
It is easy to carry and transport
Is has a psychological advantage (visual and auditory factors)
You’re able to engage the subject at a further range
What is Positional Asphyxia?
Positional Asphyxia occurs when the position of the body contributes to the restriction of the respiratory system (breathing)
What is the definition of a report? List at least two key components of a report
A report is a legal document that serves as an official account of an event
Key components:
Contains all relevant details
Used internally and for legal proceedings
Always written in past tense
Uses an active voice
A state of extreme mental and physiological excitement, characterized by extreme agitation, hyperthermia, hostility, exceptional strength and endurance without apparent fatigue
What is an example of denial of injury?
“It’s not that bad, they’re not even bleeding”
What are the three disadvantages of using a baton?
Maintenance is required
There is a greater likelihood of injury to the subject
Method of deployment may vary from baton to baton
What is the intent of using lethal force?
The intent is NEVER to kill the subject, rather, the intent is to gain control and stop the undesired behaviour
What are the four C's of report writing?
Clear
Concise
Complete
Correct
What is a PNS backlash? What are the signs and symptoms of a PNS backlash?
Backlash occurs when the stressor or threat is removed and the result is weariness and fatigue as the body comes down from fight or flight
Characterised by:
Dizziness
Excessive bleeding
Shock
Exhaustion
Muscle tremors
What is an example of denial of victim?
“They deserved it”
“Nobody got hurt”
List three disadvantages of using OC spray
Potential for cross contamination
Adversely affected by rain and wind
The subject may avoid direct spray
The subject may have eye protection
Some subjects respond adversely and become aggressive
What are the three categories of impact factors? Give two examples from each category
Subject (size, experience, previous history, etc.)
Officer (amount of officer, experience, training, etc.)
Environment (weather, traffic conditions, temperature, etc.)
List four characteristics of excited delirium:
Increased pain tolerance
Tachypnea (fast breathing)
Sweating
Agitation
Hyperthermia (high body temp)
Police non-compliance
Lack of tiring
Superhuman strength
Attraction to mirrors
What is an example of downplaying the incident?
“Everyone is doing it”
“It doesn’t hurt anyone”
“I know people who do worse”
List five psychological effects of OC spray
An inward focus on pain
Anxiety
Fear
Panic
Anger
Sense of helplessness
Thought process interruption
Goal re-orientation
Stabilize the target
Apply pressure and counter pressure
Use the digital tip
Give loud, repetitive verbal commands
Alleviate pressure with compliance
What is the continuum of compromise?
It is an overview of how individuals may digress from being an honest officer to becoming one with compromised ethics:
Starting out your careers as a highly motivated officer
Over a period of time officers develop a sense of victimization leading to feelings of entitlement
Acts of omission (leaving out things on purpose)
Acts of commission - administrative (doing stupid things, ‘everyone is doing it so I can do it too’)
Acts of commission - criminal (the same stupid things but in a criminal sense)
Entitlement vs. accountability and loyalty vs. integrity