It's All in Your Head
This perspective argues that learning involves mental processes that cannot be directly observed.
What is the cognitive approach?
The brief stop where information lands before we even decide whether to pay attention to it.
What is sensory memory?
According to information processing theories, stimuli are linked to existing knowledge through these two processes.
What are encoding and control processes?
The study of how people differ from one another in meaningful psychological ways.
What are individual differences?
The Radiolab episode focuses on controversy surrounding the educational use of these tests.
What are IQ tests?
This learning perspective is most interested in observable actions rather than internal thinking.
What is the behaviorist approach?
This process gives meaning to information that enters through the senses.
What is perception?
A student realizes halfway through studying that a strategy is not working and switches approaches. This reflects this skill.
What is metacognition?
For centuries, psychologists and philosophers have debated whether human development is shaped more by this famous pair of influences.
What are nature and nurture?
This measurement concept relates to whether intelligence tests fairly measure students' abilities from different cultural backgrounds.
What is test bias?
A teacher asks students to explain how they solved a problem, not just whether they got the answer right. This approach focuses on these internal processes.
What are cognitive processes?
Without this process, a teacher's lesson may be happening, but very little learning is.
What is attention?
This classroom skill appears alongside metacognition as a major cognitive process for learners.
What is problem solving?
One of the major individual differences explored in educational psychology and related fields, often associated with cognitive ability.
What is intelligence?
This form of scientific racism is embedded in the foundations of IQ testing.
What is eugenics?
Long-term memory is comprised of these two systems.
What are semantic and episodic memory systems?
Most educational goals ultimately depend on strengthening this memory system.
What is long-term memory?
The ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and behavior
What is emotional intelligence?
The other major individual difference explored in educational psychology and related fields, referring to characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
What is personality?
This theory argues for eight branches of intelligence, such as musical intelligence and naturalistic intelligence.
What is Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? (Un-fun fact: Gardner was a eugenicist.)
Novices often use this type of problem-solving strategy, which relies heavily on working memory.
What is means–end analysis?
Research highlighted in the readings suggests that repeated ______ can be a powerful learning tool.
What is retrieval?
According to cognitive load theory, students should build a strong knowledge base and study these before being asked to solve complex problems independently.
What are worked examples?
According to modern perspectives, the answer to the nature-versus-nurture debate is usually some version of this.
What is both?
Unlike height or weight, performance on cognitive assessments can change because of factors such as anxiety, motivation, and this broad category of influences.
What are contextual factors?