Basics of Information Security
The three elements of the CIA triad
confidentiality, integrity, availability
The process of determining which principal an agent wishes to act as
Authentication
A term abbreviated as SSH
Secure Shell
Any software written with malicious intent
Malware
8-bits; a common unit of computer memory. Also known as an octet.
Byte
A combination of multiple authentication factors known as
Multi-factor authentication
A document that contains 10 core principles recommended for password management
NIST Digital Identity Guidelines
The 3 most common types of Unix permissions available for a user
read, write, and execute
Malware that spreads with little to no user involvement
Worm
A standardized encoding system each printable character has a 1 byte representation
ASCII
The second P in Canada’s private sector privacy law PIPEDA stands for
Protection
Currently the most common hash function in use
SHA 256
A Unix program that allows users to turn programs with the privileges of another user
Sudo (Super user do)
A copy of files and folders which can be restored after the original is lost.
Backup
In computing, the prefix 0x is used to indicate this base 16 number system
Hexadecimal
Attempted illegal entry to a computer system that uses a dictionary headword list to generate possible passwords
Dictionary attack
A function that turns any message into a short, unique and irreversible string of bits
Cryptographic Hash Function
Command that lets you change permissions on a file
chmod
A virus that replicates and modifies itself which helps it evade signature-based detection
Polymorphic Virus
The rightmost bit that determines if a number is even or odd
Least significant bit
What is the first NIST password guideline
No complexity requirements
A password storage mechanism that adds in randomness and increases the protection of hashed password against brute force attacks
Salting
Ensuring that misbehaving users and/or applications cannot harm the rest of the system is known as?
The Confinement Principle
Malware that runs with highest possible privileges and uses those privileges to hide its presence from the system
Root Kit
Inverse of left-to-right repeated subtraction to convert a binary number to decimal
Right-to-left “weighted summation”