Haemo-dynamics
Movement of water and solutes together due to a pressure gradient
What is bulk flow?
These three pathologies were the central focus of the Pathology workshop in CR3
What are atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease?
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are this many times more likely to suffer coronary heart disease than non-Indigenous Australians.
What is five times?
The principal variable that the CV system controls (homeostatic point)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Vessels of the vessels
What are vasa vasorum?
This cell type, formed when macrophages engulf oxidised LDL, gives atherosclerotic plaques their fatty streak.
What is a foam cell?
This type of lipoprotein is nicknamed the 'bad' cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol in artery walls.
What is LDL (low density lipoprotein)?
This gas, released from the endothelium in response to increased shear stress, diffuses into VSMCs, raises cGMP, and causes vasodilation.
What is nitric oxide (NO)?
The primary force driving fluid transport out of the capillaries and tissues
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure?
In this vascular pathology, blood pools between the tunica intima and media after a tear, and is classified Stanford type A or B depending on whether the ascending aorta is involved.
What is aortic dissection?
Replacing saturated fat with this class of fat (including omega-3 and omega-6) gives the greatest reduction in cardiovascular risk.
What is polyunsaturated fat (PUFA)?
Following a sudden drop in blood pressure such as haemorrhage, this receptor's firing rate decreases, triggering compensatory tachycardia and vasoconstriction.
What is the arterial baroreceptor?
When net filtration pressure is negative, water/fluid move into the capillary lumen
What is reabsorption?
This end-stage complication of severe PAD involves tissue necrosis from critical ischaemia, and comes in dry and wet forms.
What is gangrene?
This is the 'Suggested Dietary Target' for daily salt intake for Australian adults, about half of what most adults actually eat.
What is about 4 grams (1600mg sodium)?
During continuous exercise, cardiac output can rise roughly 4-fold while MAP rises only about 50%. This is because local metabolic and shear-stress signals cause this parameter to fall.
What is SVR (systemic/total peripheral resistance)?
Contractile cells that wrap around endothelial cells of capillaries, small arterioles and venules, and support vessel integrity & endothelial function
What are Pericytes?
This ratio of systolic ankle pressure to systolic brachial pressure falls below 0.90 in peripheral arterial disease, and below 0.40 signals critical limb ischaemia.
What is the ankle-brachial index (ABI)?
This nutritional strategy to prevent CVD emphasises fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy, and shares strong similarities with the Mediterranean diet.
What is the DASH diet?
The two second messenger systems VSMCs use to trigger contraction: a rise in this ion activates calmodulin, and this kinase then phosphorylates the myosin light chain.
What are Ca² (calcium) and MLCK (myosin light chain kinase)?