Vasculature
These arteries branch off of one common artery
What are the internal carotid and external carotid arteries
List the 12 cranial nerves
1. Olfactory I
2. Optic II
3. Oculomotor III
4. Trochlear IV
5. Trigeminal V
6. Abducens/Abducent VI
7. Facial VII
8. Vestibulocochlear VIII
9. Glossopharyngeal IX
10. Vagus X
11. (Spinal) Accessory XI
12. Hypoglossal XII
Name the 11 bones of the cranium
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Temporal
Nasal
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Mandible
These are the 3 meninge membrane layers that protect the brain
What are the dura, arachnoid & pia mater
A 55-year-old man is admitted to the hospital after an injury sustained at work in a factory. He presents with severe scalp lacerations, which were sutured. After three days the wound is inflamed, swollen, and painful. Between which tissue layers is the infection most likely located?
What are the aponeurosis and periosteum
The internal carotid artery branches into the Ophthalmic artery which further branches into these two arteries
What is the Supraorbital & the Supratrochlear
What are CN III, IV, V1 & VI
(Oculomotor, Trochlear, & Trigeminal (V1 ophthalmic) & Abducens)
This cranial region contains the brain & meninges as well as the Occipital, Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid
What is the Neurocranium
There are two types of Meningeal Spaces. This space does not contain fluid but could fill with fluid following trauma and this space normally contains fluid & structures:
What are the Potential & Actual spaces?
P (epidural, subdural)
A (subarachnoid)
A 58-year-old woman comes to a hospital and complains of progressive loss of voice, numbness, loss of taste on the back part of her tongue, and difficulty in shrugging her shoulders. Her MRI scan reveals a dural meningioma that compresses the nerves leaving the skull. These nerves leave the skull through which of the following openings?
What is the Jugular foramen
The mnemonic Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS is used to recall the 8 external arteries that branch off of the external carotid artery; name 4 of them
What are:
1. Superior Thyroid
2. Ascending Pharyngeal
3. Lingual
4. Facial
5. Occipital
6. Posterior Auricular
7. Maxillary
8. Superficial Temporal
the foramen that CN IX, X & XI exit the skull through
What is the internal auditory meatus
What are the 3 cranial sutures seen on the calvaria?
What are the coronal, sagittal & lambdoid sutures
This meninge membrane contains CSF
What is the Arachnoid mater
A 25-year-old man is involved in an automobile accident and slams his head into a concrete wall of a bridge. His computed tomography (CT) scan reveals that the middle meningeal artery has ruptured but the meninges remain intact. Blood leaking from this artery enters which of the following spaces?
What is the Epidural space
These veins connect the venous sinuses of the dura with the diploic veins & corresponding veins of the scalp
What is the Emissary Veins
Some CN have sensory, motor, special, autonomic or a mix of functions.
The CN III, VI, IX & X have this type of ANS function
Viewed laterally, this is the area where the frontal, parietal, temporal & sphenoid bones come together & is the location where the middle meningeal artery is commonly ruptured leading to an epidural hematoma
What is the Pterion
This meninge membrane is the innermost and attaches to the brain
what is the pia matter
A 17-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis, as revealed by radiographic and physical examinations. Thrombophlebitis in the “danger area” of the face can spread to the cavernous sinus and involve the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Which of the following symptoms will most likely be present during physical examination?
What is Pain from the eyeball
What is the Middle Meningeal Artery
This cranial nerve branches into 3 others. What are the nerve and its 3 branches called?
What is CN V (5)
V1 Ophthalmic
V2 Maxiallry
V3 Mandibular
This cranial region contains forms the face and contains the Nasal, Lacrimal, Maxilla, Vomer, Zygomatic, Mandible, and Inferior nasal conchae
What is the Viscerocranium
This meninge membrane is deep to the cranium & forms venous sinuses
What is the dura mater
A 39-year-old woman presents to your clinic with complaints of headache and dizziness. She has an infection of the cranial dural sinus. The sinus that lies in the margin of the tentorium cerebelli and runs from the posterior end of the cavernous sinus to the transverse sinus is infected. Which of the following sinuses is affected by inflammation?
What is the Superior petrosal sinus