Drug Basics
Heparin is what type of drug?
Anticoagulant
Why is heparin given even before clots form?
Prophylactic use; stops formation of new clots
What does heparin bind with to inactivate antithrombin III?I
Clotting factors
What is a patient MOST at risk for while on heparin?
Bleeding!
What is the critical lab value that must be monitored while a patient is on heparin?
What does blood deliver in the body?I
Blood is hypercoaguable during pregnancy; increases risk for clots
What does antithrombin III inhibit the production of?
Thrombin
A decrease in platelet count
If a patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to Heparin, what is administered as the reversal agent?
Protamine Sulfate
What do anticoagulants do?
Prevent clot formation
What type of clots does heparin help prevent from forming?
PE/DVT
What different routes can heparin be given through?
IV or SubQ
What signs and symptoms should a patient watch for that indicate an allergic reaction?
Mild skin rash, itching, anaphylaxis
What are some lifestyle modifications that patients taking Heparin should consider?
Limiting alcohol intake, regular exercise, smoking cessation, fall prevention strategies
What is the primary purpose of heparin therapy?
Prevention and treatment of clots
What would be the frequency/route for 5000 units of Heparin?
What factors does antithrombin III inactivate?
Factors II and X
What should patients do if they are experiencing adverse or unusual effects while on heparin?
Contact their healthcare provider IMMEDIATELY!
DAILY DOUBLE!!!
What does aPTT measure? Bonus points if you know the normal range!
How long it takes for your blood to form a clot. Normal range: 25-40 seconds
What diseases do anticoagulants help with?
Afib, PE/DVT, CVA, MI, atherosclerosis, clotting disorders, valve/vessel stenosis
What type of heparin IV infusion would be in units/kg/hr?
Continuous
Antithrombin III prevents formation and production of what two things?
Thrombus and fibrin
Black or tarry stools, excessive bleeding from cuts, nosebleeds, unusual bruising
What can patients do to minimize the risk for bleeding and bruising while on Heparin?
Use a soft bristle toothbrush, using an electric razor, watching for area rugs in home (fall prevention)